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biology grade 11 > transport in animals > Flashcards

transport in animals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

give three characteristics regarding the heart.

A

Its walls are made up of striated voluntary muscle.Internally it is divided into four chambers. It is situated in a space between the lungs called the mediastinum.

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2
Q

Describe double circulation.

A

Blood passes through the heart twice in one circulation.

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3
Q

The myocardium (muscle layer of the heart wall) receives its blood supply directly from:

A

Coronary arteries

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4
Q

The double membrane surrounding the heart.

A

pericardium

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5
Q

The type of valve at the base of the pulmonary artery.

A

Semi‑lunar valve

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6
Q

The chamber of the heart with the thickest walls.

A

Left ventricle

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7
Q

The blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood back to heart.

A

Pulmonary veins

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8
Q

The largest artery in the body.

A

Aorta

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9
Q

The name used to indicate contraction of the heart.

A

Systole

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10
Q

the structure in the heart that allows it to contract on its own.

A

SA node

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11
Q

are found at the base of the blood vessels leaving the heart

A

Semilunar valves

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12
Q

Blood goes to the entire body.

A

Systemic circulation

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13
Q

Supply blood to the heart muscle

A

Coronary artery

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14
Q

Right atrium

A

Position of SA node

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15
Q

are found between the atria and ventricles.

A

atrioventricular valves (AV valves)

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16
Q

Closing of the semi-lunar valves

A

Dup

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17
Q

The heart is lined with a smooth membrane made of endothelial tissue.

A

Endocardium

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18
Q

Closing of the atrioventricular openings

A

Lub

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19
Q

The only artery in mammals that carries deoxygenated blood is the

A

Pulmonary artery

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20
Q

risk factors, which could bring about heart disease?

A

A diet high in saturated animal fat.Lack of exercise.Smoking cigarettes.Stressful lifestyle

21
Q

Erythrocyte is another name for a

A

red cell.

22
Q

provide the major defense for our bodies against invading bacteria and viruses.

A

white cells

23
Q

likely to increase in quantities when the body is under attack from bacteria

A

leukocytes

24
Q

When blood clumps or forms visible islands in the still liquid plasma, it is called:

A

agglutination

25
Q

Antigens are

A

found on the surface of red cells

26
Q

Blood clot formation in a coronary artery.

A

Coronary thrombosis

27
Q

Blood vessels that transport blood to the heart.

A

veins.

28
Q

what can affect pulse rate?

A

fitness and activity levels.

29
Q

the heart’s four chambers

A

the left atrium and right atrium and the left ventricle and right ventricle

30
Q

which blood chamber has the thickest walls and why?

A

left ventricle. more muscles contracting inside the left ventricle helps produce a higher force to move the blood towards the system. ​

31
Q

what is blood pressure?

A

the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries.

32
Q

role of blood?

A

transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues.

33
Q

How is blood pressure measured?

A

sphygmomanometer

34
Q

average blood pressure for a healthy adult.

A

less than 120/80 mmHg.

35
Q

what produces the heartbeat sound?

A

blood flowing through the heart chambers as the cardiac valves open and close during the cardiac cycle.

36
Q

Leukemia

A

A cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body’s ability to fight infection.

37
Q

Leukemia treatments

A

radiation therapy, chemo etc.

38
Q

Anemia

A

a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells.

39
Q

Causes of anemia

A

iron deficiency(is only one of them)

40
Q

which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

A

right

41
Q

Pulmonary artery function.

A

carry blood from your heart to your lungs.

42
Q

Where blood re-enters the the heart in systemic circulation.

A

right atrium

43
Q

Function of the coronary artery.

A

supply blood to the heart.

44
Q

Role of atria in the heart?

A

Atria receive blood returning to the heart from the body.

45
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next

46
Q

regular expansion and contraction of an artery.

A

Pulse

47
Q

coronary artery disease.

A

happens when coronary arteries struggle to supply the heart with enough blood

48
Q

Main functions of arteries

A

distributing oxygen, nutrients and hormones throughout your body.

49
Q

main function of capillaries .

A

transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems.

biology grade 11 (9 decks)

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