Immunity biology olympiad

Question 1

What do tears contain?

Answer 1

antibodies and lysozymes

Question 2

What do ears produce?

Answer 2

wax

Question 3

Name some areas where ciliated mucous membranes are found

Answer 3

gut
genital areas
anus
ears
nose
respiratory passages

Question 4

What is the role of goblet cells?

Answer 4

produce mucus

Question 5

Where are goblet cells found?

Answer 5

In the epithelial tissue

Question 6

What is the line of defence in the respiratory tract?

Answer 6

ciliated cells waft the mucus to the top of the trachea, the mucus is swallowed and passes into the stomach acid

Question 7

What cells does the outer layer of epidermis consist of?

Answer 7

Keratinocytes

Question 8

Are keratinocytes dead or alive?

Answer 8

dead

Question 9

What does the skin flora consist of?

Answer 9

commensal bacteria which competes with pathogenic bacteria

Question 10

What is commensal bacteria?

Answer 10

Bacteria that protects against pathogens

Question 11

Are lysozymes present in the saliva?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

Is the first line of defence specific or non specific?

Answer 12

non specific

Question 13

Is the first line of defence an innate immunity or adaptive immunity?

Answer 13

Innate immunity

Question 14

What happens during the first line of defence?

Answer 14

the pathogen tries to enter the body through a hole

Question 15

What is the first line of defence provided by?

Answer 15

Physical barriers

Question 16

Is the 2nd line of defence specific or non specific?

Answer 16

non specific

Question 17

Is the 2nd line of defence an example of innate or adaptive immunity?

Answer 17

Innate immunity

Question 18

What happens during the 2nd line of defence?

Answer 18

The pathogen eneters the body tissue and tries to reach blood supply via a capillary

Question 19

What are the 2 localised non specific responses in the 2nd line of defence?

Answer 19

Inflammation, phagocytosis

Question 20

Is the 3rd line of defence specific or non specific?

Answer 20

specific

Question 21

Is the 3rd line of defence an innate immunity or adaptive immunity?

Answer 21

Adaptive

Question 22

What happens during the 3rd line of defence?

Answer 22

The pathogen enters the blood supply and can migrate around the body to target cells to reproduce

Question 23

What are the 3 types of specific response in the 3rd line of defence?

Answer 23

B cells - humoral respose - antibodies
T cells - cell mediated defence - cytotoxic
Secondary immune defence - memory cells