Enlightenment Flashcards
What were the cause and effect of the scientific revolution?
Cause - Renaissance/humanism; loss of faith leads to reliance on logic and reason
Effect - Improvements in medicine and scientific instruments, new inventions in almost every field
What were the causes of the Reformation? English Reformation?
Indulgences (pay to forgive sins), Nepotism (hire friends/family)
English - Henry VIII wanted to divorce wife, pope said no, started church of England
Indulgences
pay to forgive sins
Nepotism
hire friends/family
What was the Enlightenment
Period where new political philosophers debated alternate forms of government/reasons for government
What impact did John Locke and Montesquieu have on the US and Europe?
Locke and Montesquieu are 2 of the most influential thinkers of the time: U.S. constitution is mostly plagiarism of their works
Who and what were the main ideas of Thomas Hobbes
Strong leader/monarch needed to control govt
Who and what were the main ideas of John Locke
Social contract/Natural rights
Who and what were the main ideas of Montesquieu
3 branches of government, separation of powers, checks and balances
Who and what were the main ideas of Adam Smith
“Wealth of Nations” - Father of Capitalism
What is the social contract?
Agreement between a people and their government about the roles and responsibilities of each. If broken by govt. people can rebell
What did Locke mean by “natural rights”?
Rights that people have from birth, not given to them by anyone (life, liberty, property)
What does laissez faire mean?
Let it be/let it go; a system of capitalism without government interference or regulation
What is an enlightened Despot?
Monarch who, despite being an absolute ruler, pushes elements of enlightenment thought
What were the cause and effect of the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution?
Fight between Puritanism and Protestantism, while also being a power struggle between Enlightenment ideas (Parliament) and Monarchy (Absolutism)
