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CT 2 > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

3 segments of the pharynx

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngopharynx
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2
Q

superior border of nasopharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

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3
Q

posterior border of nasopharynx

A

clivus/c-spine

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4
Q

lateral wall of nasopharynx

A

contains auditory tube

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5
Q

inferior border of nasopharynx

A

soft palate

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6
Q

oropharynx contains…

A

soft palate to level of hyoid bone

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7
Q

what separates the oropharynx from the larynx?

A

epiglottis

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8
Q

what does the oropharynx contain?

A

palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

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9
Q

laryngopharynx contains…

A

level of hyoid bone to entrance of larynx + esophagus

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10
Q

piriform sinuses

A

depressions within the lateral walls of the laryngopharynx

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11
Q

image landmarks for nasopharynx

A

teeth + hard palate

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12
Q

image landmarks for oropharynx

A

mandible, maybe lingual tonsils

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13
Q

image landmarks for laryngopharynx

A

larynx, thyroid cartilage, common carotid artery + internal jugular vein

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14
Q

C_ to C_ is where you typically find the larynx

A

C3 to C6

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15
Q

larynx

A

“voice box”
protects vocal chords

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16
Q

the larynx extends from … to …

A

larynopharynx to trachea

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17
Q

how many cartilage rings make up the larynx?

A

9

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18
Q

largest and most superior cartilage ring of the larynx?

A

thyroid cartilage

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19
Q

trachea extends from … to …

A

larynx to lungs
(bifurcates into R/L mainstream bronchi at carina)

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20
Q

trachea is protected by ___ c-shaped cartilages

A

16-20

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21
Q

esophagus extends from … to …

A

laryngopharynx to cardiac orifice of the stomach

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22
Q

what is the opening that allows the esophagus to enter the abdominal cavity?

A

esophageal hiatus

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23
Q

which cartilage does the esophagus begin?

A

cricoid cartilage

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24
Q

3 paired salivary glands

A
  1. parotid
  2. submandibular
  3. sublingual
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25
Q

largest salivary glands

A

parotid

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26
Q

smallest salivary glands

A

sublingual

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27
Q

submandibular is more (anterior/posterior) than sublingual

A

s.m. is more posterior than s.l.

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28
Q

parotid glands are found between …

A

auricle and the ramus of the mandible

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29
Q

parotid glands extend from … to …

A

level of the external auditory meatus to gonion (apex of the angle on the jaw)

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30
Q

where do you find the submandibular glands?

A

it borders the posterior half of the mandible
from gonion to level of the hyoid bone

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31
Q

where do you find the sublingual glands?

A

under the tongue; floor of the mouth

32
Q

what joins the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

A

isthmus

33
Q

parathyroid glands sit (anteriorly/posteriorly) on the surface of thyroid lobes

A

posteriorly

34
Q

thyroid glands are at the level of the ___ cartilage.

A

cricoid

35
Q

bifurcation of the common carotid artery occurs at the level of the ___ cartilage.

A

thyroid cartilage (C3-C4)

36
Q

internal carotid artery enters the skull through… of the … bone

A

carotid canal of the temporal bone

37
Q

external carotid artery travels through the …. gland to the level of the …

A

parotid glands to level of TMJ

38
Q

at lower levels, external carotid artery is … to the internal carotid artery.

A

lower: ECA is anterior and MEDIAL to ICA

39
Q

at higher levels, external carotid artery is … to the internal carotid artery.

A

higher: ECA is anterior and LATERAL to ICA

40
Q

brachiocephalic artery gives rise to the (R/L) common carotid artery

A

right common carotid artery

41
Q

aortic arch gives rise to the (R/L) common carotid artery

A

left common carotid artery

42
Q

vertebral arteries arise from …

A

subclavian arteries

43
Q

vertebral arteries ascend from C_ to C_.

A

C6 to C1

44
Q

transverse foramina

A

opening that allows for vertebral arteries to ascend through

45
Q

vertebral arteries enter the skull through the ____.

A

foramen magnum

46
Q

once in the skull, vertebral arteries merge to form …

A

basilar artery

47
Q

internal jugular vein + subclavian vein = ___

A

brachiocephalic vein

48
Q

internal jugular veins are (medial/lateral) to common carotid artery

A

IJV lateral to CCA

49
Q

internal jugular veins are (anterior/posterior) to internal carotid artery

A

IJV posterior to ICA

50
Q

where does the external jugular vein being?

A

near the angle of the mandible

51
Q

where does the external jugular vein empty into?

A

the subclavian vein

52
Q

vertebral veins drain into…

A

brachiocephalic veins

53
Q

what is the valsalva maneuver?

A

patient blowing out their cheeks

54
Q

what is the purpose of the valsalva maneuver?

A

to distend the piriform sinuses for better visualization

55
Q

contrast for neck scans will enhance …

A

mucosa, lymph nodes, vasculature, and pathologic tissues

56
Q

indication(s) for a CECT soft tissue neck scan

A
  • neck mass
  • vascular abnormality
  • lymphadenopathy
  • cysts
  • abscess
57
Q

indication(s) for NECT soft tissue neck

A

salivary stones

58
Q

gold standard for stroke image

A

CTA for neck imaging

59
Q

CTA for neck imaging scans…

A

carotid arteries + CoW

60
Q

3 categories of stroke

A
  1. ischemic = blockage of an artery
  2. hemorrhagic = bleed somewhere
  3. hypotensive = lack of blood flow
61
Q

most common type of stroke

A

ischemic

62
Q

2 main types of ischemic strokes

A
  1. thrombotic - clot or fatty deposit within artery
  2. embolic - travelling particle that lodges into smaller artery and cutting off the supply
63
Q

what is the key difference between the symptoms of a TIA of the carotid arteries vs. TIA of the basilar artery?

A

basilar artery = more issues with coordination (motor deficits, speech issues, facial palsies)
carotid (difficulty thinking, reasoning, memory, speech)

64
Q

at the level of c1, the external carotid artery lies anterior and medial to the interior carotid artery. T/F

A

false

65
Q

at what level do the common carotid arteries bifurcate?

A

C4

66
Q

vertebral veins drain into the brachiocephalic vein. T/F

A

true

67
Q

why are the parotid glands the easiest to see on CT images?

A

they contain fatty tissue and lymph nodes

68
Q

trachea is protected posteriorly by…

A

elastic connective tissue

69
Q

larynx has respiratory function. T/F

A

true

70
Q

pharynx divides at the level of this cartilage.

A

cricoid

71
Q

salivary glands that is seen in the same transverse slice as the hyoid bone

A

submandibular glands

72
Q

vertebra = atlas = C__

A

C1

73
Q

u-shaped bone that doesn’t articulate with any other bone.

A

hyoid

74
Q

esophagus originates at about the level of this vertebra

A

C6

75
Q

major arteries running up the side of the neck and sitting closest to the thyroid gland and trachea …

A

common carotid arteries

CT 2 (7 decks)

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