Specific virus summaries

Question 1

Adenovirus

Which serogroups infect respiratory tract and GI tract?

Answer 1

Respiratory tract
Serogroups B and C

GI tract
Serogroup F and others

Virus infects mucoepithelial cells of respiratory/ GI tract, conjunctiva. Can invade lymphoid tissue and spread throughout body

Virus can persist in lymphoid tissue - tonsils/ adenoids/ Payer’s patches

Question 2

Adenovirus

What treatment/ vaccines are available?

Answer 2

Cidofovir

Attenuated vaccine for serotypes 4/7 available for military - close contact can cause outbreaks

Serotype 4 - Group E

Serotype 7 - Group B

Question 3

Adenovirus

How may subgroups/ serotypes are there?

Answer 3

7 subgroups - ABCDEF

57 serotypes
4/7 are common serotypes

Question 3

Arenavirus

What are examples?

Answer 3

LCMV - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Lassa virus

Junin virus - Argentine haemorrhagic fever

Question 4

Arenaviruses

How are they spread?

Answer 4

Contact the infected rodents/ excreta

This includes pet hamsters/ mice for LCMV in UK

Question 5

Arenaviruses

What vaccine/ treatment is available?

Answer 5

No vaccine

Ribavirin

Question 6

Bunyavirus

What are examples?

Answer 6

La Crosse - encephalitis

Hanta virus - Hantaan virus/ Sin Nombre

CCHF

Phlebovirus - Rift Valley fever/ Sandfly fever

Question 7

How are these bunyaviruses transmitted?

La Crosse

Hanta virus - Hantaan virus/ Sin Nombre

CCHF

Phlebovirus - Rift Valley fever/ Sandfly fever

Answer 7

La Crosse - mosquito

Hanta virus - Hantaan virus/ Sin Nombre - rodent excreta

CCHF - tick

Phlebovirus -
Rift Valley fever - mosquito
Sandfly fever - fly

Question 8

Bunyaviruses

What vaccine/ treatment is available?

Answer 8

No vaccines or treatment

Question 9

Caliciviruses

What are examples?

Answer 9

Norovirus

Sapovirus

Both cause gastroenteritis.
Norovirus can cause a persistent infection

Question 10

Caliciviruses

What is the route of transmission?

Answer 10

Faecal-oral - contamianted food or water

Question 11

Caliciviruses

What vaccine/ treatment is available?

Answer 11

No vaccines of treatment

Question 12

Filoviruses

What are examples?

Answer 12

Marburg

Ebola

Both cause VHFs

Question 13

Filoviruses

What are examples in the Ebolavirus family?

Answer 13

Reston
Sudan
Zaire - highest fatality rate

Zaire is old name for DR Congo

Case fatality 40-90%

Question 14

Filoviruses

How are they transmitted?

Answer 14

Fruit bat reservoir

Contact the infects bats, monkeys or humans

High risk behaviour - burial preparation, bushmeat hunting

Question 15

Filoviruses

What vaccine/ treatment is available?

Answer 15

Marburg - nothing

Ebola -
live attenuated recombinant vaccine available ERVEBO

Question 16

Ebola vaccine

What strains does it protect against?

Answer 16

ERVEBO - live attenuated recombinant vaccine available

Only protects against Zaire strain. Not other Ebola strains or Marburg

It is not possible to become infected with EBOV from the vaccine because the vaccine only contains a gene from the Ebola virus, not the whole virus.

Specifically, it contains a gene for the EBOV glycoprotein that replaces the gene for the native Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein.

Question 17

Flaviviruses

What are examples?

Answer 17

Yellow Fever
Dengue
Japanese Encephalitis
St Louis Encephalitis
West Nile virus
Powassan
Hepatitis C
Zika

Question 18

Flaviviruses

Which are transmitted by these vectors?

Aedes mosquito
Culex mosquito
Ixodes tick

Answer 18

Aedes -
Yellow Fever
Dengue

Culex -
Japanese Encephalitis
St Louis Encephalitis
West Nile virus

Ixodes tick
Powassan

Question 19

Flaviviruses

What clinical disease do they cause?

Answer 19

Hepatitis
Encephalitis
Haemorrhagic fever - YF/ Dengue