Civil Rights

Question 1

What are civil liberties?

Answer 1

Fundamental individual freedoms, such as freedom of speech, religion and association, many of these found in the Bill of Rights, generally intended tp give individual freedom from government authority

Question 2

What are civil rights?

Answer 2

Additional protections that ensure groups of citizens are not discriminated against like the 14th amendment (1865), or landmark Supreme Court cases like Brown v Topeka (1954) or Roe V Wade (1973) or legislation through congress like the Voting Rights Act 1965

Question 3

What did the framers of the Constitution sought to protect US citizens from?

Answer 3

An overly powerful government

Question 4

What are inalienable rights?

Answer 4

Right that cannot be taken away, which the framer believe people had so designed the constitution with a complex amendment process, leading to entrenched rights

Question 5

What is the first amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?

Answer 5

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, potion the government for a redress of grievances

Question 6

What is the second amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?

Answer 6

Rights to keep and bear arms

Question 7

What is the third amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?

Answer 7

Right not to have military troops quartered in private homes

Question 8

What is the fourth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?

Answer 8

Right not to have unreasonable searches and seizures

Question 9

What is the fifth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?

Answer 9

Right of people accused of a crime

Question 10

What is the sixth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?

Answer 10

Right to a fair trial

Question 11

What is the seventh amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?

Answer 11

Rights to a trial by jury in common law suits over a certain value

Question 12

What is the eighth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?

Answer 12

Right not to face excessive bail or fines, nor cruel or unusual punishment

Question 13

What is the ninth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?

Answer 13

Rights that are not enumerated by the Constitution are still held by the people and are protected

Question 14

What is the tenth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?

Answer 14

Right of the states to retain powers that are not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution

Question 15

When the Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791 who did it apply to?

Answer 15

Free persons, so not slaves or women

Question 16

What is the thirteenth amendment (1865)?

Answer 16

Abolished slavery

Question 17

What is the fourteenth amendment (1868)?

Answer 17

Gave former enslaved people full citizenship and grants all citizens ‘equal protection’ under the law and the government cannot remove a citizens life or freedoms without ‘due process’

Question 18

What is the fifteenth amendment (1870)?

Answer 18

Gave men of all race the right to vote, including form enslaved people

Question 19

What is the nineteenth amendment (1920)?

Answer 19

Gave women the right to vote on the same terms as men

Question 20

What is the twenty-fourth amendment (1964)?

Answer 20

Gave Americans the right to vote without needing to pay a tax, which tended to disenfranchise African-Americans

Question 21

What was the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)?

Answer 21

One of the most controversial civil rights amendments and was never ratified, so is not apart of the constitution, tough would make it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of sex, ERA passed Congress in 1972 and was ratified by 35 states, though did not meet the 38 states needed with the final deadline for ratification in1982 expiring it, though has came back to the mainstream

Question 22

Explain Shelley V Kraemer (1948)?

Answer 22

Restrictive convents which banned the sale of homes to African-Americans were ruled unconstitutional

Question 23

Explain Reynolds V Sims (1964)?

Answer 23

Right of voters to vote within legislative district that is equal in population to other legislative districts

Question 24

Explain Griswold V Connecticut (1965)?

Answer 24

Right to use contraceptives within marriage

Question 25

Explain Miranda V Arizona (1966)?

Answer 25

Right of suspects to be informed their Fifth amendment rights before being questioned by the police

Question 26

Explain Loving V Virginia (1967)?

Answer 26

State laws on interracial marriage were declared unconditional

Question 27

Explain regents of University of California V Bakke (1978)?

Answer 27

Affirmative action in university applications process could be constitutional in certain cases

Question 28

Explain Lawrence V Texas (2003)?

Answer 28

Right to engage in private consensual homosexual activity between adults

Question 29

Explain District of Columbia V Heller (2008)?

Answer 29

Individual right to bear arms

Question 30

Explain Obergefell V Hodges (2015)?

Answer 30

Right of same-sex couples to marry

Question 31

Explain Masterpiece Cakeshop V Colorado Civil Rights Commission (2018)?

Answer 31

Right of a business owner to refuse service on the basis of religious beliefs

Question 32

Explain Espinosa V Montana Department of Revenue (2020)?

Answer 32

Right of parents to access state aid to send their children to a private religious shcool

Question 33

Explain Espinosa V Montana Department of Revenue (2020)?

Answer 33

Right of parents to access state aid to send their children to a private religious school

Question 34

What are the methods used by pressure groups to promote and support rights?

Answer 34

Fundraising to pay for adverting campaigns and lobbying
Public campaigning including online campaigns, social media rallies and direct action
Lobbying
Legal campaigning including sponsoring legal cases or writing amicus curiae briefs

Question 35

What is the ACLU?

Answer 35

American Civil Liberties Union, who defend the civil liberties of all Americans, even members of racists groups because it argues that every individual must have its rights protected

Question 36

What are some groups that defend civil rights and liberties?

Answer 36

The ACLU, the NAACP, METOO and the anti-lockdown movement

Question 37

What laws have southern says had to ensure racial segregation?

Answer 37

‘Jim Crow laws’

Question 38

Which Supreme Court case did the court rule that the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ facilities for white and collar people was legal?

Answer 38

Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

Question 39

What acts did the civil rights movement help get support for them to pass?

Answer 39

Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1964 and 1968 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 40

What did the Democrats argue for in the 1960s in an attempt to reverse deep inequalities faced by African-Americans?

Answer 40

Affirmative action, which is a positive form of discrimination, which makes it easier for people from racial minorities to get a job or win a place at university

Question 41

What was the difference in turnout for African-Americans in Mississippi in 1964 and 1969?

Answer 41

1964: 7%
1969: 67%

Question 42

What is one thing that discriminates against African-Americans more than whites?

Answer 42

Incarceration rates, with a black man born in 2001 having a 1 in 3 chance of spending time in prison, while a white man born in 2001 has a 1 in 17

Question 43

How many states allow people convicted of a felony from voting?

Answer 43

2