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Physics With Toys > Waves: Color and Music > Flashcards

Waves: Color and Music Flashcards

1
Q

Wave

A

A transfer of energy; Matter is not transported

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2
Q

Mechanical wave

A

Wave that travels only through matter

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3
Q

Electromagnetic wave

A

Wave that can travel through empty space or matter

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4
Q

Transverse Wave

A

Wave in which the disturbance is perpendicular to the direction the wave travels

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5
Q

Longitudinal

A

Wave that makes the particles of a medium move back and forth parallel to the direction the wave travels

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6
Q

Combination

A

Both transverse and longitudinal

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7
Q

Water waves

A

Travels through water; water particles move in circles; combination

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8
Q

Seismic waves

A

Movement of earths crust that causes waves

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9
Q

P waves

A

Seismic wave; longitudinal

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10
Q

S waves

A

Seismic wave; transverse

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11
Q

Surface waves

A

Seismic wave; combination

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12
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between one crest to another; shorter wavelength = higher frequency

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13
Q

Frequency

A

Number of wavelegths that pass a point each second; measured in hertz (Hz); one Hz = one wave per second

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14
Q

Crest

A

Top of a wave

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15
Q

Trough

A

Bottom of wave

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16
Q

Amplitude

A

Maximum distance a wave varies from its rest position; how tall a wave is; smaller amplitude = lower energy, larger amplitude = higher energy

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17
Q

Transmission

A

Carrying of energy using waves

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18
Q

Absorption

A

Absorbing of energy carried by a wave into an object; is transformed into a different form of energy

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19
Q

Reflection

A

Bouncing back of energy carried by a wave; always less than the transmission due to absorption

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20
Q

Law of reflection

A

When a ray of light hits a surface, it will reflect off the surface at the same angle as it hit the surface

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21
Q

Incident wave

A

light wave that approaches a surface

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22
Q

Reflected wave

A

wave that bounces off a surface after hitting it

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23
Q

Normal

A

Area perpendicular to the surface at the point the wave hits it

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24
Q

Refraction

A

The change in direction of a wave as it changes speed, moving from one medium to another

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25
Q

Diffraction

A

Change in direction of a wave when it travels past the edge of an object or through an opening

26
Q

Sound wave

A

Longitudinal wave that can travel only through matter

27
Q

Compression

A

Region where molecules are closer together

28
Q

Rarefaction

A

Region where molecules are further apart

29
Q

Speed of light

A

300,000,000 m/s traveling through empty space; slower in matter

30
Q

Speed of sound

A

343 m/s in gas; faster in liquid; fastest in solid; moves faster in higher temperatures

31
Q

Outer ear

A

Collects sound waves; consists of visible part of ear and ear canal

32
Q

Middle ear

A

Amplifies sound waves; consists of eardrum and three bones called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup

33
Q

Inner Ear

A

Converts vibrations into nerve signals that travel to the brain; consists of fluid filled cochlea lined with hairs that pick up on vibrations

34
Q

Frequencies

A

Measured in hertz (Hz) humans have a range of 20-20,000; some mammals can hear frequencies of 100,000 Hz

35
Q

Pitch

A

Perception of how high or low a sound seems

36
Q

Decibel Scale

A

Measured in decibels (dB); a way to compare loudness of sounds

37
Q

Echo

A

Reflected sound wave

38
Q

Light

A

Electromagnetic wave

39
Q

Light source

A

Something that emits light

40
Q

Light ray

A

Narrow beam of light that travels in a straight line

41
Q

Transparent

A

Material that allows almost all light to pass through and forms a clear image

42
Q

Translucent

A

Material that allows most light to pass through and forms a blurry image

43
Q

Opaque

A

Material where light doesn’t pass through

44
Q

Scattering

A

When light waves that travel in one direction are made to travel in many directions

45
Q

Regular reflection

A

Light rays traveling in the same direction hit the surface at the same angle; occurs from a smooth surface and produces a sharp image

46
Q

Diffuse reflection

A

Light rays travel at different angles; occurs from a rough surface and does not produce a sharp image

47
Q

Mirror

A

Any reflection surface that forms an image by regular reflection

48
Q

Plane mirror

A

A mirror that has a flat reflecting surface

49
Q

Concave mirror

A

Mirror that is curved inward; object that is more than one focal length from the mirror appears upside down and object that is less than one focal length from the mirror appears right side up

50
Q

Convex mirror

A

Mirror that is curved inward; image will always be right side up but will appear smaller

51
Q

Focal point

A

Area where light rays cross

52
Q

Focal length

A

Distance from the mirror to the focal point

53
Q

Lens

A

Transparent object with at least one curved side that causes light to change direction

54
Q

Convex lens

A

Lens that is curved outward on at least one side so it is thicker in the middle than at its edges; object that is more than one focal length from the mirror appears upside down and object that is less than one focal length from the mirror appears right side up

55
Q

Concave lens

A

Lens that is curved inward on at least one side and is thicker at its edges; image will always be right side up but will appear smaller

56
Q

Cornea

A

Convex lens made of transparent tissue located on the outside of the eye

57
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of the eye; controls the amount of light that enters the eye

58
Q

Pupil

A

Opening into the interior of the eye at the center of the iris into which light enters

59
Q

Lens (eye)

A

Made of transparent tissue; enables eye to form a sharp image of nearby and distant objects; lens gets rounder for nearby objects and flatter for distant objects

60
Q

Retina

A

Layer of special light-sensitive cells in the back of the eye

61
Q

Rod cells

A

More than 100 million; sensitive to low-light levels and allow you to see objects in dim light

62
Q

Cone cells

A

More than 6 million; enables you to see colors; three types of cones; people missing a type are color blind

Physics With Toys (5 decks)

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