Eyes & Ears

Question 1

AD

Answer 1

Right Ear

Question 2

AS

Answer 2

Left ear

Question 3

AU

Answer 3

Both Ears

Question 4

OD

Answer 4

Right Eye

Question 5

OS

Answer 5

Left Eye

Question 6

OU

Answer 6

Both eyers

Question 7

1 drop = ____ mL

Answer 7

0.05 mL

Question 8

Could ear drops ever be used in the eye?

Answer 8

NO

Question 9

What is glaucome?

Answer 9

Increase in IOP
Damage to the Optic Nerve
Loss of visual field

Question 10

What are drugs that can cause increase in IOP?

Answer 10

Anticholinergics (antihistamines, oxybutynin, benztropine, scopolamine, TCA)
Decongestants
Steroids
Topiramate (Topamax)

Question 11

What are the two main ways we decrease IOP in glaucoma?

Answer 11

Prostaglandin analogues
-increase aqueous humor outflow
-used only ONCE daily

Betablockers
-preferable if it is only in one eye
-reduces aqueous humor production

Others:
-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (reduce production)
EX: dorzolamide
-alpha-2 antagonists (both increase outflow and decrease production)

Question 12

Prostaglandin anaglogs

Answer 12

Lumigan (bimatoprost)
Xalatan (latanoprost)
Travatan (travoprost)

Warning: darkening of the iris and increase eyelash numbers and thickness

SE: blurred visioin, stinging

Question 13

Which PG analogue must you refridgerate before opening

Answer 13

Lantaoprost (Xalatan)

Question 14

Lumigan

Answer 14

Bimatoprost

Question 15

Xalatan

Answer 15

Latanoprost

Question 16

Travatan Z

Answer 16

Travoprost

Question 17

Latisse

Answer 17

Bimatoprost
indicated for eyelash hypotrichosis to induce eyelash growth

Question 18

Timoptic

Answer 18

Timolol
Beta Blockers decrease aqueous humor production

SE: burning, bradycardia, bronchospasm

***NONSELECTIVE

Question 19

Cosopt

Answer 19

Timolol + Dorzolamide
*both reduce the production of aqueous humor to decrease IOP

Warning: sulfa allergy

Question 20

Brimonidine

Answer 20

Alpha 2 agonist
reduces production, increases outflow

Question 21

A patient was diagnosed with glaucoma of the right eye (AD).
PMH: HTN
What would be your recommendation?

Answer 21

Timolol because PG analogues will darken the iris and thicken the eyelashes on only one eye

Question 22

A patient was diagnosed with glaucoma of OU.
PMH: asthma
What would be your recommendation?

Answer 22

PG analogue because BB could exacerbate asthma or COPD
options:
- Latanoprost (Xalatan)
- Bimatoprost (Lumigan)
- Travaprost (Travatan)

Question 23

What are some treatments for bacterial conjuctivitis?

Answer 23

Moxifoxacin (Vigamox)
Neomycin / Polymyxin B / Dexamethasone (Maxitrol)
Trimethoprim / Polymyxin B (Polytrim)

**coverage of Staph aureus

Question 24

What are some treatment options for allergic conjuctivitis?

Answer 24

Antihistamines:
Azelastine
Olopatadine (Pataday)

Antihist/mast cell stabilizer
Keotifen (Alaway, Zaditor)

Question 25

What eye drop can be used for chronic dry eyes?

Answer 25

Cyclosporine (Restasis)

Question 26

What eye drops can be used for inflammation?

Answer 26

Steroids
Pred Forte

NSAIDs
Ketorolac (Acular)

Question 27

What eye drops can be used for acute dryness?

Answer 27

Refresh or Systane
“Artificial Tears”

Question 28

What eye drops can treat red eyes?

Answer 28

Naphazoline
Naphazole/Pheniramine (Naphcon)
Tetrahydrozoline (Visine)

Question 29

What is a common treatment of cerumen?

Answer 29

Ear wax
Debrox - carbamide peroxide

Question 30

Common drugs that effect vision

Answer 30

Retinal changes:
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine

Optic neuropathy
Linezolide
Ethamutol
Amiodarone

IFIS during cataract surgery
Alpha blockers (Tamsulosin)

Color discimination
Digoxin
PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil)
Voriconazole

Vision loss
Digoxin
PDE-5
Isotretinoin
Topiramate
Vigatrin
Voriconazole