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Complex Exercise Management > Osteoarthritis > Flashcards

Osteoarthritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteo-arthritis?

A

The gradual abrasion of articular cartilage layer

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2
Q

Osteoarthritis symptoms

A

Pain
Inflammation
Joint stiffness & deformity
Crepitus
Bony spurs
Loss of cartilage

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3
Q

Most common sites of OA

A
  1. Knee
  2. Hip
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4
Q

Ages affected from OA

A

> 30 = increased prevalence iwth age

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5
Q

Why are women more heavily affected by OA?

A

Hormone changes (< estrogen after menopause).

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6
Q

Relationship between OA and osteoporosis?

A

Inverse relationship (typically you either have OA or osteoporosis not both)

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7
Q

How is OA genetically caused?

A

Vitamin D receptor gene (causes it not to be absorbed properly resulting in OA)

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8
Q

What age group is most at risk of OA

A

70-79

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9
Q

Prevalence of knee arthritis

A

Women = 1100/100,000
Men = 800/100,000

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10
Q

Prevalence of hip arthritis

A

Women = 600/100,000
Men = 400/100,000

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11
Q

Prevalence of hand arthritis

A

Women = 550/100,000
Men = 300/100,000

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12
Q

Typical osteoarthritis arthritis

A

Cartilage erosion

Exposed bone (accelerates degradation)

Movement is painful/ROM decreased due to meniscus and cartilage degradation (these structures are meant to be protective cushioning)

Bone spurs - heightened osteoblast activity = new bone laid down (further limits ROM/causes pain)

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13
Q

Role of X-ray in OA

A

Determines extent of damage

Can identify presence of bony spurs, lesions and subchondral sclerosis (thickening of bone)

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14
Q

Role of MRI in OA

A

Higher level of detail

T2 mapping (colour scale) can estimate the amount of cartilage collagen

Sodium imaging (heat scale) can estimate cartilage glycosaminoglycan content

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15
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis

A

Synovial disease characterised by joint inflammation and destruction

Affects the joint capsule.

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16
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms

A

Joint deformity
Stiffness
Swelling
Pain

17
Q

What type of disease is rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune disease - joint tissue perceived as foreign

18
Q

What happens to the broken down tissue in rheumatoid arthritis

A

It is replaced with non-functional scar tissue

19
Q

Causes of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Hereditary and overactive

20
Q

How does the inflammation affect the jont?

A

Inflammation of the synovial capsule leads to destruction of the joint (causes pain, discomfort, inability to function under high intensity)

21
Q

What site of arthritis causes the greatest amount of pain & what site affects quality of life the most?

A

Knee = Highest level of pain
Hand = Greatest effect on QOL

22
Q

OA medication

A

Pain relief
Anti-inflammatories
Corticosteroids
Hyaluronic acid

23
Q

How long should you exercise per week to reduce symptoms of OA?

A

75 minutes

24
Q

What vitamins are important for OA?

A

Vitamin C (anti-oxidant)

Vitamin D - bone resilience building capability helps with swelling/joint pain

25
Q

What is the focus of exercise in OA?

A

Reducing body mass (less load on joint)
Aerobic capacity

26
Q

Treatments for OA

A

Cartilage replacement therapy: synthetic hydrogels painted directly onto damaged cartilage

Joint replacement (last resort). Now lasts between 25-30 years.

27
Q

RA medication

A

DMARD - disease modifying non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug eg ibuprofen (anti-rheumatic drug)

Celebrex

Immunomodulators

Glucocorticoids

Rose hip berries

28
Q

RA surgical options

A

Synovectomy - synovial fluid removed from joint capsule

Joint replacement surgery

29
Q

What supplements can be taken for arthritis

A

Glucosamine and chondroitin

Can assist in the integrity of glycosaminoglycans which assist in cartilage formation

Meta-analysis reported no significant effect of chondroitin on pain in OA patients

30
Q

Physical assessments for arthritis

A

X-ray/MRI
Blood tests
CV assessment (treadmill, etc)
HR, ECG, RPE, dyspnea monitored

31
Q

What is the rheumatoid factor in a blood test?

A

Low hematocrit or c-reactive protein

32
Q

What 3 factors contribute to symptoms of OA

A

Deconditioned muscle
Inadequate motion
Periarticular stiffness

33
Q

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid cardiovascular guidelines

A

Initially: 3/week, 40-50% MHR, 20 mins

Progress to: 5/week, 80-85% MHR, 60 mins

34
Q

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid strength guidelines

A

2-3/week, high rep range, compound, max vol effort

35
Q

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid flexibility guidelines

A

4-5/week, no pain, 15-30s stretch, all major muscle groups x 2-4

Complex Exercise Management (10 decks)

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