C9(Crude Oil And Fuels) Flashcards

1
Q

What is crude oil

A

A mixture of many different carbon compounds

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2
Q

What are Alkanes

A

-saturated hydrocarbons
-All the carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent bonds
-They contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule

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3
Q

What are the 4 alkanes

A
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4
Q

What is general formula for Alkanes

A
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5
Q

Crude oil is separated into …

A

-Fractions using fractional distillation
-The properties of each fraction depend on the size of the hydrocarbon molecules in it

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6
Q

Lighter fractions make better ..

A

-Fuels as they ignite more easily and burn well with cleaner flames

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7
Q

What are the properties of short chain hydrocarbons

A

-low boiling point
-higher volatility
-low viscosity
-higher flammability

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8
Q

What are the properties of long chain hydrocarbons

A

-high boiling point
-low volatility
-high viscosity
-low flammability

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9
Q

Example of fractional distillation

A
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10
Q

When hydrocarbons burn in plenty of air they …

A

Transfer lots of energy to the surroundings

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11
Q

What is complete combustion

A

When a hydrocarbon burns with a rich supply of oxygen

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12
Q

What does complete combustion produce

A

-carbon dioxide
-water

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13
Q

What is incomplete combustion

A

When a hydrocarbon burns with a limited supply of oxygen

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14
Q

What does incomplete combustion produce

A

-carbon dioxide
-carbon monoxide
-carbon(soot)

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15
Q

What are 3 tests for gases formed in complete combustion

A

-carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
-water turns blue copper chloride pink
-oxygen relight a splint

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16
Q

In complete combustion carbon and hydrogen are ..

A

Oxidised completely when they burn like this

17
Q

What is cracking

A

-a heavy fraction distilled from crude oil is heated to vaporise the hydrocarbons
-the vapour is then either passed over a hot catalyst or mixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature
-the hydrocarbons are cracked as thermal decomposition reactions take place
-the large molecules split apart to form smaller, more useful ones

18
Q

What is an example of cracking

A

Long chain hydrocarbon —> alkane + alkene + alkene

19
Q

What are Alkenes

A

-unsaturated hydrocarbons
-contain at least one double bond between their carbon atoms
-as carbon atoms form four covalent bonds it means that alkenes have two fewer hydrogen atoms in their molecules than alkanes

20
Q

Alkenes are more reactive than …

A

Alkanes

21
Q

What is the test for Alkenes

A

-alkenes react with orange bromine water
-if alkenes are present the orange bromine water will turn colourless
-alkanes do not react with bromine water

22
Q

What are the properties of alkenes

A

-burn in air(but not as well as small alkanes)
-react with bromine water, decolourising it

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28
Q
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