Earthquakes And Volcanos

Question 1

What is an earthquake

Answer 1

Earthquake is the shaking of the earth
Earthquakes happen so suddenly because seismic waves, they pass through the Earth in all direction, shaking everything

Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere that creates seismic waves

Question 2

Seismometer

Answer 2

Measures earthquakes

Question 3

Crater

Answer 3

Opening at the top of the volcano

Question 4

Magma chamber

Answer 4

Store of hot, molten rock beneath

Question 5

Layers of ash and lava

Answer 5

Build up overtime to form the sides of the volcano

Question 6

Main vent

Answer 6

The tunnel in which magma rises to the top iof the volcano

Question 7

Secondary vent and cone

Answer 7

Allows magma to escape from the side of the volcano

Question 8

Lava flow

Answer 8

Molten rock flowing down the side of the volcano

Question 9

Volcanic cloud

Answer 9

Gas, steam and ash escaping from the volcano

Question 10

Volcanic bombs

Answer 10

Large pieces of rock ejected from the volcano

Question 11

Composite volcano

Answer 11

Are found at destructive plate boundaries.
They have very violent eruptions, which force volcanic bombs out of the vent.
Lahars (mudflows) can happen when rainwater mixes with ash

The lava running down the volcano is thick like treacle.
The lava escapes through an number of vents and parasitic cones
This viscous lava moves more slowly.
Composite volcanoes have a narrow base due to the slow moving lava. It cools and sets before it travels far.
There are also steep sides.
The volcano is made up of layers of ash and lava

Mount St. Helens in the USA is a composite volcano

Question 12

Shield volcano

Answer 12

Shield volcanoes have are only made of lava.
Because the lava travels far before it sets the base of the volcano is very wide and the slopes very gentle.
Shield volcanoes have thin runny lava which moves quickly.
This lava runs down hill quickly and spreads over a long distance before it cools.
The lava escapes through one large vent which means lots of lava reaches the surface
Are found at constructive plate boundaries.
They have very gentle eruptions, and no volcanic bombs

Mauna Loa in Hawaii is a shield volcano

Question 13

Why do people live near a volcano?

Answer 13

Crop growth and sale, tourism people mine minerals gives them well-paid job

Question 14

What happens at the formation of a volcano at a destructive plate boundary?

Answer 14

At a destructive plate Boundry one goes underneath the other. The plate that subducts goes into the mantle, the subduction zone, plate melt, magma goes up

Question 15

Icelandic volcano

Answer 15

March 20 2010 the volcano began erupting under a Glacier, producing ash in the sky. Constructive plate boundary and they moved apart.
The ash cloud reached 55000 feet
Its 1666 metres tall
The crater of the volcano measures 1.8 miles to 2.5 miles across

Question 16

What were the causes of the Icelandic volcano

Answer 16

Constructive plate Boundry and they move apart

Question 17

What were the impacts of the Icelandic volcano

Answer 17

1.2 million passengers a day were affected by the enclosure, children had to wear a gas mask.
The disruption had cost airlines across the whole world, £1.1 billion
Farmers were worried about the impacts that the Ash would have on soil and this might ruin crops.
British airspace was closed for six days, which meant no planes could fly at all

Question 18

Supervolcano

Answer 18

A supervolcano is a volcano on a massive scale. It is different from a volcano because: it erupts a lot more material and it forms a hole called a caldera. Most of the volcano is underground