Biology Final Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

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2
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water → sugars + oxygen

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3
Q

What is removed when energy in ATP is released?

A

a phosphate group

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4
Q

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in photosysnthesis?

A

the thylakoid membrane

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5
Q

why do plants appear green?

A

chlorophyll reflects green light

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6
Q

What is NADP+ in photosynthesis?

A

it is an electron carrier

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7
Q

How are the electrons for the light-dependent reactions obtained?

A

by splitting water molecules.

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8
Q

What is the correct order for cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis → Krebs Cycle → The Electron Transport Chain

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9
Q

What does the Krebs Cycle need to occur?

A

oxygen

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10
Q

Where does electron transport take place in eukaryotes?

A

the innner mitochondiral membrane

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11
Q

The air bubbles and apongy bread are due to what?

A

alcoholic fementation

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12
Q

When is DNA replicated?

A

during the S-phase of the cell cycle

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13
Q

What is the advantage sexual reporduction has over asexual reproduction?

A

provides more genetic diversity

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14
Q

What are the differnt forms of a gene called?

A

alleles

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15
Q

What is codominace?

A

When an organisn has two dominant alleles. The offspring will show both alles instead of one.

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16
Q

What happens at the end of miosis?

A

4 genitcally different cells

17
Q

Where is DNA found in eukaryotes?

A

in the nucleus

18
Q

What molecule stores information in the cell?

A

DNA

19
Q

What scientist took x-ray diffraction pictures of DNA?

A

Rosalind Franklin

20
Q

Chargaff’s Rule

A

Adenin(A) = Thymine(T) and Guanine(G) = Cytosine(C)

21
Q

What does the the enzyme DNA Polymerase do?

A

it joins nucleotides together to sythesize a new complimentary strand of DNA

22
Q

Characteristics of RNA

A
  • single-stranded
  • uses the sugar ribose
  • uses the base uracil
23
Q

How many nucleotides are needed to code for 1 amino acid?

A

3

24
Q

What is the process by which mRNA is made from DNA?

A

transcription

25
Q

What is the Central Dogma of molecualr biology?

A

DNA → RNA → Protein

26
Q

What did Charles call fitness?

A

the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

27
Q

What did Charles Darwin call Natural Selection?

A

the process by which evolution occurs

28
Q

What is a trait that passed on through generations?

A

derived charactertic

29
Q

What is similar DNA sequences in genes possible evidence of?

A

common ancestry

30
Q

What type of evidence did Charles and Wallace not use in order to support their claims of common ancestry?

A

genetic ancestry

31
Q

What does each node of a cladogram represent?

A

where two groups share a common ancestor

32
Q

What is a Vestigial Strucure?

A

a structure that is no longer needed in an organsims but was used in ancestors of that organism

33
Q

What Domain are the Kingdoms Protista, Animalia, Plantae and Fungi from? What does that make them?

A

They are in the Eukarya Domain and they are eukaryotes?

34
Q

What principla does the Grant’s investigation of finch adaption in the Galapagos Islands best support?

A

Natural Selection

35
Q

What does is the Classification order?

A

Kingdom
Phylumm
Cordatta
Order
Family
Genus
Species