LTCs drugs

Question 1

What class of drug is dapagliflozin?

Answer 1

SGLT2 inhibitor

Question 2

What class of drug is gliclazide?

Answer 2

Sulfonylurea
-Increase insulin secretion

Question 3

What class of drug is sitagliptin?

Answer 3

DDP4-inhibitor
-Increases incretin –> decreases glucagon and increases insulin secretion

Question 4

What patients is pioglitazone contraindicated in?

Answer 4

CCF + osteoporosis patients
-Causes fluid retention and loss of bone mineral density

Question 5

What is the first-line treatment for epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures?

Answer 5

Sodium valproate
-2nd line = lamotrigine

Question 6

What is the first-line treatment for epilepsy with focal seizures?

Answer 6

Lamotrigine / carbamazepine
-2nd line = sodium valproate

Question 7

What is the first-line treatment for infantile spasms?

Answer 7

Prednisolone OR vigabatril

Question 8

What is the first-line treatment for epilepsy with absence seizures?

Answer 8

Ethosuxamide OR sodium valproate

Question 9

What is the order of treatment for T2DM?

Answer 9

1. Metformin (single therapy)
2. Metformin + sulfonylurea
3. Metformin + sulfonylurea + DDP4i
   –sulfonylurea / pioglitazone / SGLT2-i
   NB if metformin not tolerated –> substitute for any others

Question 10

Which diabetes meds can cause hypos?

Answer 10

-Gliclazide
-Sitagliptin

Question 11

How do SGLT2i’s work?

Answer 11

Increase glucose reabsorption in the kidney –> excreted in urine

Question 12

What diabetes meds cause weight gain and which cause weight loss?

Answer 12

GAIN
-Sulfonylureas (gliclazide)
-Pioglitazone (fluid retention)
LOSS
-Metformin
-SGLT2i’s (dapagliflozin)