week 8 biomolecules 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biomolecule

A

molecule produced by a living organism
- proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, nucleic acids. Primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nucleotide

A

Phosphate + Sugar + nitrogenous base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nucleoside

A

? (No phosphate) + sugar + nitrogenous base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribose
Double-stranded, stable and encodes genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RNA

A

Ribonuleotides, ribonucleic acid, ribose sugar

Single-stranded, easily destroyed. molecular messenger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mRNA

A

messenger
carries protein information from DNA to cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tRNA

A

transfer
link between mRNA and amino acid chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal
Direct catalytic steps of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nucleotides in Disease and Medicine

A

An imbalance can result in disease.
can feed cancer cells nucleotides to selectively kill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Genome

A

complete set of genetic material encoded by nuclear DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DNA Components

A

Exons
ORF
Promoters
Introns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ORF

A

Open Reading Frame encodes for the protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Promoters

A

Turn on the protein sequence (from an ORF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Introns

A

Non-coding control elements in eukaryotic genomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Exons

A

Coding sections of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Amino Acid Chirality

A

Arrangement of atoms in an amino acid molecule around the Alpha Carbon

17
Q

L Chirality configuration

A

CORN clockwise (most naturally occurring)

18
Q

D Chiraltiy Configuration

A

does not follow the CORN (clockwise) rule

19
Q

Non-Polar Amino Acids

A

Hydrophobic interactions
Side chains do not have electromagnetic atoms
(no oxygen)

20
Q

Polar Amino Acids

A

Hydrogen bond donors and acceptors. can interact with hydrogen and water.
Functional groups OH, N, O Carbonal

21
Q

Aromatic

A

Benzene ring in side chain
Hydrophobic

22
Q

Positive and Negative charged amino acids

A

positive basic
negative acidic

23
Q

Zwitterion

A

Electrically neutral bearing no charge
Neg - Carboxylate
Pos - Ammonium

24
Q

Peptides

A

Chain of Amino Acids

Created through dehydration

25
Q

Proteins

A

big peptides

26
Q

Primary Amino Acid Structure

A

Chain of amino acids

27
Q

Secondary Amino Acid Structure

A

Primary structures adopting one of three
Helices, beta strands, coils

28
Q

Tertiary Amino Acid Structure

A

Secondary structures interacting to produce three dimensional shape of a protein