week 8 biomolecules 1

Question 1

Biomolecule

Answer 1

molecule produced by a living organism
- proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, nucleic acids. Primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products.

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

Phosphate + Sugar + nitrogenous base

Question 3

Nucleoside

Answer 3

? (No phosphate) + sugar + nitrogenous base

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Deoxyribose
Double-stranded, stable and encodes genome

Question 5

RNA

Answer 5

Ribonuleotides, ribonucleic acid, ribose sugar

Single-stranded, easily destroyed. molecular messenger

Question 6

mRNA

Answer 6

messenger
carries protein information from DNA to cytoplasm

Question 7

tRNA

Answer 7

transfer
link between mRNA and amino acid chain

Question 8

rRNA

Answer 8

ribosomal
Direct catalytic steps of protein synthesis

Question 9

Nucleotides in Disease and Medicine

Answer 9

An imbalance can result in disease.
can feed cancer cells nucleotides to selectively kill.

Question 10

Genome

Answer 10

complete set of genetic material encoded by nuclear DNA

Question 11

DNA Components

Answer 11

Exons
ORF
Promoters
Introns

Question 12

ORF

Answer 12

Open Reading Frame encodes for the protein

Question 13

Promoters

Answer 13

Turn on the protein sequence (from an ORF)

Question 14

Introns

Answer 14

Non-coding control elements in eukaryotic genomes

Question 15

Exons

Answer 15

Coding sections of DNA

Question 16

Amino Acid Chirality

Answer 16

Arrangement of atoms in an amino acid molecule around the Alpha Carbon

Question 17

L Chirality configuration

Answer 17

CORN clockwise (most naturally occurring)

Question 18

D Chiraltiy Configuration

Answer 18

does not follow the CORN (clockwise) rule

Question 19

Non-Polar Amino Acids

Answer 19

Hydrophobic interactions
Side chains do not have electromagnetic atoms
(no oxygen)

Question 20

Polar Amino Acids

Answer 20

Hydrogen bond donors and acceptors. can interact with hydrogen and water.
Functional groups OH, N, O Carbonal

Question 21

Aromatic

Answer 21

Benzene ring in side chain
Hydrophobic

Question 22

Positive and Negative charged amino acids

Answer 22

positive basic
negative acidic

Question 23

Zwitterion

Answer 23

Electrically neutral bearing no charge
Neg - Carboxylate
Pos - Ammonium

Question 24

Peptides

Answer 24

Chain of Amino Acids

Created through dehydration

Question 25

Proteins

Answer 25

big peptides

Question 26

Primary Amino Acid Structure

Answer 26

Chain of amino acids

Question 27

Secondary Amino Acid Structure

Answer 27

Primary structures adopting one of three
Helices, beta strands, coils

Question 28

Tertiary Amino Acid Structure

Answer 28

Secondary structures interacting to produce three dimensional shape of a protein