Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dentistry Module 4 > Medical Emergency > Flashcards

Medical Emergency Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ABCDE approach stand for?

A

A- airway
B- breathing
C- circulation
D- disability
E- exposure/everything else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does noises like stridor, wheezing, gurgling or snoring indicate?

A

Partial airway blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does no noise in the airway indicate?

A

Complete airway blockage or cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate?

A

12-20 breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What breathing rate is an indicator of serious illness?

A

> 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the acceptable SPO2 (oxygen saturation) level for a patient?

A

96% and above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What would you use to measure SPO2 levels?

A

Pulse oximeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What pulse rate is deemed acceptable?

A

60-100bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What pulse rate indicates a problem?

A

> 100bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a normal blood pressure reading?

A

120/70 or within these parameters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does CRT stand for?

A

Capillary refill time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would a high CRT indicate?

A

Circulatory shock, most likely caused by a heart attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does ACVPU stand for?

A

A- alert
C- confusion
V- verbal
P- pain
U- unconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At what stage in ABCDE approach would ACVPU be used?

A

Disability stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What stage in ABCDE approach would you record blood glucose at?

A

Disability stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What blood glucose level would indicate hypoglycaemia?

A

<4mmols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At what stage In the ABCDE approach would you check SPO2 levels?

A

Breathing stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At what stage In the ABCDE approach would you take a patients temperature?

A

Exposure/ everything else stage

19
Q

What does pyrexial mean?

A

Abnormal elevation of body temperature

20
Q

If a patient is described as pyrexial what could this indicate?

A

Sepsis

21
Q

What is sepsis?

A

Also known as blood poisoning, it is a life-threatening reaction to an infection. It happens when your immune system overreacts to an infection and starts to damage your body’s own tissues and organs

22
Q

What does tachycardia mean?

A

A heart rate over 100bpm

23
Q

What does vasovagal syncope mean?

A

To faint/collapse

24
Q

How would you deliver oxygen to a patient in a medical emergency?

A

Give high flow oxygen through a non-rebreather mask at 15 litres/minute

25
Q

How would you check radial pulse?

A

On the wrist at the thumbline

26
Q

How would you check central pulse?

A

At the carotid artery on your neck to the side of your windpipe

27
Q

What does hypoglycaemia mean?

A

Low blood sugar

28
Q

What are the four most common causes of fainting?

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Pain
  3. Low blood sugar
  4. Standing for too long/ hypotension
29
Q

Why might a patient present with low blood sugar at the dentist other than being diabetes related?

A

The patient may be in pain from toothache and this may hinder their ability to eat properly. Therefore their blood sugar is lowered.

30
Q

How can standing for too long causes hypotension and ultimately syncope?

A

The blood begins to pool in the persons feet and legs causing a drop in blood pressure. The brain is no longer getting the blood/oxygen it needs so this causes the patient to collapse.

31
Q

define hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

32
Q

which cranial nerve is involved in vasovagal syncope?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

33
Q

Which patient factors are most likely to cause the vagus nerve to get overstimulated?

A

Anxiety and pain

34
Q

During vasovagal syncope, how will the airway present?

A

It will be patent

35
Q

During vasovagal syncope, how will breathing present?

A
  • respiratory rate will INCREASE
  • SPO2 levels will DECREASE
  • shallow breathing
36
Q

During vasovagal syncope, how will circulation present?

A
  • heart rate will be LOW due to vasovagal reflex
  • hypotension due to blood vessel dilation
  • pallor
37
Q

During vasovagal syncope, how will disability stage of ABCDE present?

A
  • They will be alert but anxious initially
  • could become unconscious briefly
  • blood sugar levels could be low if they haven’t eaten much
38
Q

During vasovagal syncope, how will the exposure/everything else ABCDE stage present?

A
  • Patient may be distressed and flustered
  • brief loss of consciousness may occur
39
Q

How would you manage a syncope patient prior to loss of consciousness?

A
  • reassure patient
  • give glucose to increase blood glucose (dextrose)
  • open a window to circulate fresh air
  • place patient in supine position to address hypotension
40
Q

In the dental hospital, what form is glucose provided in?

A

A gel

41
Q

What is supine position in regards to vasovagal syncope?

A

Patients lies on their back, with legs above head

42
Q

How does the supine position help during vasovagal syncope?

A

It helps with venous blood flow back to the e heart and head

43
Q

How would you manage a patient who has lost consciousness by fainting?

A
  • USE ABCDE APPROACH
  • check airway is patent
  • assess breathing to rule out something more sinister
  • loosen tight clothing around neck to help with breathing
  • provide oxygen at lower saturation (6 litres/minute)
  • recovery position if necessary to maintain patent airway
  • plenty of reassurance on waking up
44
Q

Why might you only provide 6 litres/min of oxygen instead of 15 litres/min to a patient unconscious due to fainting?

A

Because the high oxygen level could add to anxiety which could worsen symptoms

Dentistry Module 4 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions