Ch 8.3 What are the problems caused by marine pollution?

Question 1

What are the causes of marine pollution?

Answer 1

Rapid population growth and urban development -> increase the demand for sea transport, energy resources, waste deposal, land for development

Question 2

Explain on sea transport for the cause of marine pollution.

Answer 2

Marine traffic becomes heavy-> oil spilling

Question 3

Explain on energy resources for marine pollution.

Answer 3

Energy resources-> increase in offshore oil drilling. -> oil spilling

Question 4

Explain on waste disposal for the cause of marine pollution.

Answer 4

Sewage: factories, households and farm discharge huge amounts of sewage into the sea. The sea is unable to dilute and purify it.
Solid waste: large amount of solid waste, such as plastic bags are thrown into the sea.

Question 5

Explain on land development for the cause of marine pollution.

Answer 5

Reclamation materials may be toxic

Question 6

How does heavy metals, toxic chemicals and bacteria in the waste cause negative impact to the environment?

Answer 6

First, it causes diseases to marine life, or even kill them. Second, it contaminated the food chain and affect the whole marine ecosystem.

Question 7

How does the excess nutrients in sewage have negative impacts of water pollutants on the marine environment?

Answer 7

Excess chemical fertilisers from farms -> nutrients in seawater increase -> rapid growth of algae -> oxygen in water decreases -> Kill marine life.

Question 8

What is the environmental problem known as for the marine life die from suffocation?

Answer 8

Eutrophication

Question 9

What is the negative impact of marine pollution which caused by plastic waste?

Answer 9

Plastic waste is harmful because it takes long time to break down, it spreads to other marine zones with the waves and it traps and choke the marine animals.

Question 10

What are the preventive measures of easing the problem of marine pollution?

Answer 10

Pass laws to regulate water disposal, monitor water quality, introduce sewage charges regulate reclamation , education and reduce the production of plastic waste

Question 11

Explain on the point of pass laws to regulate waste disposal.

Answer 11

Pass laws to control marine pollution like waste disposal ordinance, waste pollution control ordinance

Question 12

Explain on the point of monitoring water quality

Answer 12

Set up 10 water control zones with different standards of water quality to help reduce pollution and improve marine water quality.

Question 13

Explain on the point of introducing sewage charges.

Answer 13

People who produce sewage should pay charges according to the polluter-pays principle. Through this, people will reduce the amount of sewage produced.

Question 14

Explain on the point of regulate reclamation .

Answer 14

First, large scale reclamation projects must pass assessment on their possible effects like the Environmental Impact assessment. Second, use eco-friendly method of reclamation like deep cement mixing. Third, limit the scale of reclamation project if possible.

Question 15

Explain on the point of education.

Answer 15

Carry out education and various promotion activities to raise public awareness of conserving the oceans.

Question 16

Explain on the point of reducing the promotion of plastic waste.

Answer 16

First, impose charges on the use of plastic bags. Second, encourage people to recycle plastic bottles by providing cash rewards. Third, plan to ban the sale and provision of single use plastic tableware in eateries.

Question 17

What is the remedial measure of easing the problem of marine pollution?

Answer 17

Reducing water pollution in Victoria Harbour, the Harbour Area Treatment Scheme. It is built on the Stonecutters Island in 2001