Random high yield facts Flashcards
Ix for cellulitis?
Diagnosis can be made clinically
FBC (WCC) , ESR, CRP
wound swab
blood cultures
USS for DVT
Xray for osteomyelitis
risk factors for cellulitis?
breaks in skin / trauma
diabetes
immunocompromise
IVDU
venous insufficiency
complications of cellulitis?
necrotising fasciitis - hosp for IV abx and debridement
osteomyelitis
sepsis
Prophylaxis for contacts in meningitis?
if close contact within 7 days - ciprofloxacin
no prophylaxis if pneumococcal meningitis
Mx of chlamydia?
Gonorrhoea?
Syphilis?
chlamydia - doxycycline 7 days
gonorrhoea - IM ceftriaxone or oral cefixime + oral azithromycin if needle-phobic
syphilis - IM benzypenicillin
TB key mx steps?
2 months RIPE, 4 months RI
latent = 3 months RI or isoniazid for 6
causes of nephritic syndrome?
GRIP
Goodpastures
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
Post streptococcal glomerulomephritis
causes of nephrotic syndrome?
diabetic nephropathy
MMF:
minimal change disease
membranous glomerulonephritis
focal segmental glomerulonephritis
Define CKD
a gradual decline in kidney function (eGFR) for over 3 months
Irreversible
Results in proteinuria
Define AKI
a sudden reversible decline in kidney function over hours - weeks
results in raised creatinine and oliguria
Risk factors for AKI?
CKD
heart failure
sepsis
increasing age (>65)
diabetes
use of contrast / nephrotoxic drugs
Causes of CKD?
APCKD
diabetes
hypertension
glomerulonephritis
renal vascular disease
Staging of CKD?
eGFR
stage 1 : >90
stage 2 : <90-60
stage 3a: 59 - 45
stage 3b : 44 - 30
stage 4 : 29 - 15
stage 5 : 14- 0
proteinuria:
stage 1 : less than 3mg/mmol
stage 2: 3 - 30 mg/mmol
stage 3: 30 + mg/mmol
Staging of AKI?
stage 1 : 0. 5 ml/kg of urine for 6-12 hours
1.5 - 1.9 x baseline creatinine
stage 2 : 0. 5 ml/kg for 12-24 hours
2 x baseline creatinine
stage 3 : 0.3ml/kg for >24 hours or anuria for 12 hours
3 x baseline creatinine
Complications of glomerulonephritis?
DVT
CKD
hypertension and hyperlipidaemia
