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Fail forward > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Improve survival in chronic congestive heart failure

A

ACEi

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2
Q

first line PE

A

DOAC

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3
Q

maintenance fluids for adults

A

25-30 ml/kg/hr

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4
Q

Acute STEMI

A

morphine, ox, nitrates, aspirin 300mg, ticegralor, PCI within 2h thrombolysis if not possible in 2h

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5
Q

Acute NSTEMI

A

aspirin, ticegralor, morphine, nitrates and fondiparinux

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6
Q

MI secondary prevention

A

Atorvastatin, Aspirin forever, (Another antiplatelet) clopidogrel for 12 months, ACEI, Atenolol, Aldosterone antagonist if HF

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7
Q

Acute stroke

A

300mg aspirin, thrombolysis if before 4.5 hours, thrombectomy before 24 hours

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8
Q

acute TIA

A

300mg aspirin

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9
Q

long term secondary prevention stroke

A

clopidogrel, atorvastatin, treat HTN/DM

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10
Q

first line AF

A

DOAC

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11
Q

if GTN stops working angina/prevention of angina

A

CCB

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12
Q

warfarin INR normal

A

over 8 is really bad, over 5 bad

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13
Q

definition of orthostatic hypotension

A

drop of 20 systolic or 10 diastolic after 3 mins of standing

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14
Q

provoked PE treatment

A

DOAC

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15
Q

massive PE and hypotension management

A

thrombolyse

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16
Q

sore throat, rash, arthritis and murmur

A

rheumatic fever

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17
Q

long QT

A

hypokalaemia

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18
Q

management of pericarditis

A

colchicine and NSAIDs first line

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19
Q

incidental AF rate controlled and no RF with low CDV score

A

no anticoag

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20
Q

torsades de pointes management

A

iv magnesium sulphate

21
Q

can’t use beta blockers and patient has AF

A

calcium channel blocker eg diltiazem

22
Q

head bobbing heart murmur

A

aortic regurgitation

23
Q

nailbed pulsation murmur

A

aortic regurgitation

24
Q

large CV waves JVP

A

tricuspid regurgitation

25
Q

cannon A waves JVP

A

complete heart block

26
Q

absent A wave JVP

A

AF

27
Q

heart murmur grading

A

1- faint only heart by expert
2- heard by non expert
3- easily heard
4- loud with thrill
5- heard over wide area with thrill
6- heard without stethoscope

28
Q

aortic stenosis

A

ejection systolic murmur with crescendo-decrescendo quality, heard loudest over the aortic valve radiating to the carotid arteries

29
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

early diastolic murmur heard loudest at the left sternal edge

30
Q

mitral regurgitation

A

pansystolic murmur heard loudest over the mitral area which radiates to the axilla (tricuspid regurgitation is louder on inspiration)

31
Q

erythema marginatum + arthritis + pansystolic murmur

A

rheumatic fever treated with IM benzylpenicillin

32
Q

first line in cocaine induced MI

A

benzodiazepine

33
Q

potassium <4.5 resistant hypertension

A

spironolactone

34
Q

potassium >4.5 resistant hypertension

A

alpha blocker

35
Q

what is indapamide

A

thiazide diuretic

36
Q

what determines speed of referral for heart failure

A

BNP

37
Q

heart failure treatment

A

FABSID
furosemide, ACEi, BB, Spironolactone, isosorbide and digoxin
1)ACEi and BB
2)spironolactone
3)specialist

38
Q

what is contraindicated in aortic stenosis

A

ACEi

39
Q

ECG calcium

A

long QT= hypocalcaemia
short QT= hypercalcaemia

40
Q

P450 inducers

A

-antiepileptics
-rifampicin
-St John
-chronic alcohol
-smoking

41
Q

P450 inhibitors

A

-cipro and erythro
-isoniazid
-omeprazole
-amiodarone
-allopurinol
–azoles
-SSRIs
-valproate

42
Q

what should you never do with metformin

A

give contrast because there can be lactic acidosis

43
Q

MI then widespread systolic murmur, hypotension and pulmonary oedema

A

rupture of papillary muscle causing acute mitral regurgitation

44
Q

patient from Africa already takes a CCB, needs more HTN treatment

A

ARB rather than ACEi

45
Q

low sodium

A

siADH

46
Q

what drug precipitates digoxin toxicity

A

indapamide (thiazide diuretics)

47
Q

what drugs trigger haemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A

sulph drugs eg suplonamides, sulphasalazine and sulfonylureas

48
Q

proximal saphenous vein thrombophlebitis investigation

A

straight to venous US of leg to rule out DVT without doing D dimer as this can be raised in both diseases

49
Q

angina med situation

A
  • aspirin and statin with GTN
  • BB or CCB
  • if CCB alone, use verapamil or diltiazem
  • if with BB then use amlodipine or mod-release nifedipine

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