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EMT class > ch7 (life span development) > Flashcards

ch7 (life span development) Flashcards

1
Q

neonate

A

birth to 1 month of age

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2
Q

infant

A

from 1 month to 1 year of age

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3
Q

the head accounts for how much of a neonate’s body weight?

A

25%

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4
Q

what is the usual weight for a neonate?

A

6 to 8 pounds

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5
Q

prior to birth where does the fetal blood supply come from?

A

the mother via the placenta

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6
Q

barotrauma

A

pressure induced trauma (from too much pressure in the lungs)

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7
Q

how much does a neonate grow per day?

A

1 ounce (16oz=1 pound)

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8
Q

at birth, neonates make the transition from….

A

fetal to independent circulation

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9
Q

why is airway obstruction so common in infants?

A

because they have larger tongues and shorter, narrower airways

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10
Q

neonates are primarily…

A

nose breathers

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11
Q

Moro reflex

A

neonate opens arms wide, spreads fingers, and seems to grab at things

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12
Q

when does the neonate display the Moro reflex?

A

when neonates are caught off guard and startled

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13
Q

palmar grasp

A

occurs when an object is placed in the neonate’s palm he/she instantly grasps the object

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14
Q

rooting reflex

A

neonate instinctively turns head when something touches its cheek

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15
Q

sucking reflex

A

occurs when a neonate’s lips are stroked

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16
Q

fontanelles

A

spaces between the bones that eventually fuse to form the skull

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17
Q

when do fontanelles disappear?

A

usually at 18 months

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18
Q

while still in the womb the neonate’s immune system is supported by…

A

the mother’s antibodies delivered through placental blood flow (infants continue to carry some of this immunity)

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19
Q

for neonates what is the main method of communicating distress?

A

crying

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20
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 2 months

A
  1. recognize familiar faces
  2. uses eyes to track people and objects
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21
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 3 months

A
  1. brings objects to the mouth
  2. smiles and frowns
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22
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 4 months

A
  1. reaches arms out to people
  2. drools
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23
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 2 months

A
  1. recognize familiar faces
  2. uses eyes to track people and objects
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24
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 5 months

A
  1. sleeps throughout the night
  2. distinguishes family members from strangers
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25
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 6 months

A
  1. begins teething
  2. sits upright
  3. speaks one-syllable words
26
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 7 months

A
  1. afraid of strangers
  2. displays mood swings
27
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 8 months

A
  1. responds to “no”
  2. can sit alone
  3. plays peek-a-boo
28
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 9 months

A
  1. pulls self up to stand
  2. explores objects by placing them in his or her mouth
29
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 10 months

A
  1. responds to his or her name
  2. crawls efficiently
30
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 11 month

A
  1. begins to walk without assistance
  2. becomes frustrated by restrictions
31
Q

neonate psychosocial changes: 12 months

A
  1. knows his or her name
  2. walks
32
Q

bonding is based on…

A

a secure attachment

33
Q

anxious avoidant attachment is found in…

A

infants who are repeatedly rejected

34
Q

separation anxiety is found in…

A

older infants

35
Q

______ and _____ involves an infant’s needs being met

A

trust and mistrust

36
Q

trust versus mistrust

A
  1. birth to 18 months of age
    during which infants gain trust in their parents or caregivers if their world is planned, organized, and routine
37
Q

toddler

A

1 to 3 yrs old

38
Q

preschooler

A

3 to 6 yrs old

39
Q

school-age

A

6 to 12 yrs old

40
Q

pulse, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure for toddlers

A

pulse: 80 to 140 beats
respiratory rate: 20 to 25 breaths
systolic blood pressure: 80 to 100 mmHg

41
Q

what is the average age for completion of toilet training?

A

28 months

42
Q

adolescent

A

12-18 yrs old

43
Q

pulse, respirations, and systolic blood pressure of adolescents

A

pulse: 60-100 beats/min
respirations: 12 to 20 breaths/min
systolic blood pressure: 90 to 110 mmHg

44
Q

preconventional reasoning

A

when a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment or to get what he/she wants

45
Q

what are the types of reasoning school-age children experience?

A
  1. preconventional reasoning
  2. conventional reasoning
  3. postconventional reasoning
46
Q

conventional reasoning

A

behavior is more motivated by the approval of peers and society (follow rules for positive relationships and acceptance)

47
Q

post conventional reasoning

A

individual begins to base decisions on an internalized moral compass (conscience)

48
Q

early adult

A

19 to 40 years old

49
Q

pulse, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure of an early adult

A

pulse: 70 beats/mine
respiratory rate: 12 to 20 breaths/min
systolic blood pressure: 90 and 120 mmHg

50
Q

middle adult

A

41 to 60 years of age

51
Q

middle adults become more susceptible to…

A
  1. vision and hearing loss
  2. cardiovascular health concern
  3. incidence of cancer increases
52
Q

life expectancy

A

the average number of years a person can be expected to live

53
Q

older adult

A

an adult 61 years or older

54
Q

atherosclerosis

A

the buildup of cholesterol and calcium along the inner walls of blood vessels, resulting in the formation of plaque

55
Q

what happens when plaque accumulates?

A

the flow of blood through vessels becomes restricted or blocked entirely

56
Q

nephron

A

filter blood within the kidney

57
Q

during a life-threatening illness how does the body preserve blood pressure?

A

increasing heart rate (this may cause damage to the heart)

58
Q

why does diastolic blood pressure increase in older adults?

A

their vascular system becomes stiff and blood vessels cannot dilate+contract as effectively, so the heart works harder to move blood throughout the body

59
Q

the loss of bone marrow equals…

A

a reduction in new blood cells being produced

60
Q

in older adults the airway….

A

increases in size

61
Q

in older adults the surface area of alveoli…

A

decreases

62
Q

why is breathing harder for older adults?

A
  1. the airway increases and size
  2. and the surface area of the alveoli decreases

EMT class (32 decks)

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