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BATTERY REVIEWER - CYTOGENETICS > CYTOGENETICS - PRELIM > Flashcards

CYTOGENETICS - PRELIM Flashcards

1
Q

In pea plants, the allele for tall stalks (T) is
dominant over the allele for short stalks (t).
Suppose a cross between a tall pea plant and
a short pea plant produces 43 tall offspring
and 47 short offspring. If one of the tall
offspring is crossed with one of the short
offspring, what ratio of genotypes would be
most likely in their offspring?

A

1Tt :1tt

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2
Q

In forming a chromatin, the double-stranded
DNA must bind with proteins that are rich in

A

arginine

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2
Q

How many different types of chromosomes
are found in human female lymphocyte?

A

23

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3
Q

Which involves the removal of a wrong
nucleotide on an unmethylated DNA strand
and its replacement with the correct one?

A

mismatch repair

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4
Q

In transcription, what is the role of the sigma
factor?

A

It recognizes the promoter locus, which is
required to identify the site to be transcribed.

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5
Q

If in a diploid organism two different alleles
of a gene are both expressed in a heterozygous individual, the condition is
termed

A

codominant

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6
Q

An actin-rich “purse string” that draws tight
to separate daughter cells to complete
cytokinesisin cell division is a

A

cleavage furrow

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7
Q

X-inactivation occurs by addition of () in the
DNA.

A

methyl groups

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8
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of
the first meiotic division but NOT mitotic
division?

A

Homologous chromosomes pair

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9
Q

The PO4-end of the DNA is also known as

A

5’ end

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10
Q

In guinea pigs, short hair is dominant over
long hair. If a short haired SS guinea pig is
crossed with a long haired ss guinea pig,
what is the percent chance that the offspring
is short-haired?

A

1

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11
Q

Which guides the RNA polymerase as to
what appropriate nucleotide is added to a
growing RNA?

A

DNA template

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12
Q

The X chromosome of a mother has a
mutated recessive gene for coagulation
factor VIII. This defective coagulation factor
is non-functional and, therefore, causes
hemophilia characterized by difficult-tocontrol bleeding. Which of the following is
INCORRECT regarding this?

A

A father with the recessive gene is likely to
transmit it to his son

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13
Q

Which of the following best describes the
law of segregation?

A

During the formation of gametes, the paired
unit factors separate, or segregate, randomly
so that each sex cell receives one or the
other with equal likelihood.

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14
Q

Which is INCORRECT regarding sex
chromosomes?

A

X-inactivation primarily occurs in the
maternal X chromosome

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15
Q

Which of the following is a faithful copy of
the information encoded in a gene?

A

mRNA

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16
Q

At what stage of the cell cycle do the
chromosomes become dyads?

A

interphase

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17
Q

During DNA replication, the DNA
polymerase adds the new nucleotide at the

A

-OH end

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18
Q

Which feature is the same in the translation
process of prokaryote and eukaryote?

A

peptide formation by peptidyl transferase

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19
Q

Which is true about the telomere?

A

It consists of repeated sequence of
TTAGGG.

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20
Q

A gene for corn has two alleles, one for
yellow kernels and one for white kernels.
Cross pollination of yellow corn and white
corn results in ears of corn that have an
approximately even mix of yellow and white
kernels. Which term best describes the
relationship between the two alleles?

A

Codominance

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT used to
identify a chromosome?

A

shape

22
Q

A recessive gene in female X chromosome
is expressed in the phenotype when the
alleles are

A

homozygous

23
Q

Which of the following best describes the
law of independent assortment?

A

During gamete formation, segregating pairs
of unit factors assort independently of each
other

24
Q

Meiosis in males starts

A

at adolescence

25
Q

The cycle control mechanisms check the
following except

A

Whether cellular contents are received
equally by each of the daughter cells

26
Q

Which of the following cells enters the G0
phase and remain there for the life of the
individual?

A

myocytes

27
Q

If two genes undergo independent
assortment, which assumption is most likely
true?

A

The genes are located on different
chromosomes or are far apart on the same
chromosome

28
Q

These are nucleotide sequences that are
transcribed but are excised from the mRNA
before translation into protein.

A

introns

29
Q

If a cell has a diploid number of 36 (2n=36),
how many chromosomes will be present in
each daughter cell at the end of meiosis II?

A

18

30
Q

A cross between two pea plants with
genotypes RrYy and RrYy results in an F1
generation that is 25% RRYY, 50% RrYy, and 25% rryy. Which reason most likely
explains why other possible genotypes are
not present?

A

The loci of the genes are on the same
chromosome and in close proximity with
each other

31
Q

Human sex cells have () autosomes.

A

22

32
Q

Which of the following is a correct pair?

A

Transcription: nucleus

33
Q

In a dihybrid cross, if two heterozygotes (for
both genes) are crossed, what will be the
expected phenotypic ratios? (In the
following order: dominant for both traits;
dominant for the first trait recessive for the
second; recessive for the first trait and
dominant for the second; recessive for both
traits)

A

9:3:3:1

34
Q

Suppose a white-furred rabbit breeds with a
black-furred rabbit and all of their offspring
have a phenotype of gray fur. What does the
gene for fur color in rabbits appear to be an
example of?

A

Incomplete Dominance

35
Q

During meiosis, the X and Y chromosome
pair at the metaphase plate

A

True

36
Q

Chromosome Y has similar size and
morphology as chromosome

A

22

37
Q

Which characteristic of the genetic code
indicates that an amino acid may be coded
by more than one codon?

A

degenerate

38
Q

How many different types of chromosomes
are found in a human male lymphocyte?

A

24

39
Q

During which stage of mitosis do
chromosomes divide at the centromeres?

A

anaphase

40
Q

This structure is responsible for the accurate
segregation of the replicated chromosome
during mitosis and meiosis.

A

centromere

41
Q

A cell with 20 chromosomes undergoes
mitosis. How many daughter cells are
created? () and each daughter cell has ()
chromosomes.

A

2, 20

42
Q

Phenotype refers to the () of an individual

A

actual physical appearance

43
Q

The Broad Thumb-Hallux syndrome is due
to deletion 16p13.3. This indicates that the
deletion is located at

A

sub-band 3

44
Q

Crossing-over may occur between X and Y
chromosomes

A

True

45
Q

Which is INCORRECT regarding oogenesis
in human?

A

It stops at metaphase I.

46
Q

Which of the following enzymes acts before
the others in DNA replication?

A

primase

47
Q

Which is true about G2/M checkpoint?

A

It ensures that the cell has an adequate size

48
Q

How many chromatids are there in 2 (two)
bivalents?

A

8

49
Q

Obesity is an example of genotype and
environment interacting in order to produce

A

phenotype

50
Q

Who shows hemizygous traits?

A

brother

51
Q

Which characterizes a chromatid?

A

It is one of the two identical copies of DNA
making up a duplicated chromosome

52
Q

Which triplet will be most vulnerable to
UVL?

A

TTA

BATTERY REVIEWER - CYTOGENETICS (3 decks)

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