LATER CLASSICAL LIBERALISM Flashcards
what changed the environment and challenge classical liberalism
Industrial revolution
What did the industrial revolution start
Increasing class consciousness
Who suggested the state needed to be more proactive
Jeremy Bentham
Why did the state need to be more proactive
To ensure “greatest happiness to the greatest number”
Government should be elected by and accountable to
“greatest number of voters”
Who feared individualism was threatened by socialism
Samuel Smiles
What did Samuel Smiles acknowledge
Industrialised societies made it harder for individuals to be self-reliant
What was Samuel Smiles Counter argument for industrial societies limited self-reliance
By seeking to overcome these obstacles, individuals would be more fully developed
Who enforced Samuel Smiles ideas
Herbert Spencer
How did Herbert Spencer take Smile’s ideas further
Natural selection, social darwinism and survival of the fittest
Who Eclipsed Both spencer’s and Smile’s ideas
John Stuart Mill
What did Mill want
To update Locke’s case for representative government into representative democracy which would seek different opinions and produce a broad consent of all the opinions
What was MIll concerned with
That most voters were ill-equipped to choose “intelligent” representative s
How would universal suffrage work
Universal suffrage must already have universal education, hoping this would lead to them choosing the correct representatives, which would lead to developmental individualism
What is developmental Individualism
Advancement of individual potential - Focus on what they could become not what they had become
