Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is ATP?

Answer 1

STANDS FOR ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE, WHICH IS THE CURRENCY OF BIOLOGICAL ENERGY

Question 2

What is ATP made of?

Answer 2

ADENINE, RIBOSE, AND TRIPHOSPHATE (3) GROUP

Question 3

What is ADP made of?

Answer 3

ADENINE, RIBOSE, AND DIPHOSPHATE (2) GROUP

Question 4

Cytosol:

Answer 4

Gooey, water-like substance found within a cell. Think of it as a sort of serous membrane but on a much smaller scale.

Question 5

Enzymatic inhibition: Know the differences between competitive inhibition and noncompetitive inhibition.

Answer 5

COMPETITIVE INHIBITION: INHIBITOR BLOCKS THE SITE THE SUBSTRATE IS TRYING TO BIND WITH ON THE ENZYME. NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITION: INHIBITOR CHANGES THE SHAPE OF THE ENZYME SO THAT THE SUBSTRATE CANNOT BIND

Question 6

What is the site called where a noncompetitive inhibitor binds on the enzyme?

Answer 6

ALLOSTERIC SITE

Question 7

Anaerobic:

Answer 7

Can happen with or without oxygen (glycolysis)

Question 8

Aerobic:

Answer 8

Need oxygen (intermediate stage, citric acid cycle, and electron transport system)

Question 9

If oxygen is present, glucose can be completely broken down into ______ and ______.

Answer 9

water; carbon dioxide

Question 10

The process of removing a phosphate is

Answer 10

dephosphorylation

Question 11

The folds in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion are called _________

Answer 11

cristae

Question 12

The step-by-step breakdown of glucose to release energy for the synthesis of ATP is _________ oxidation

Answer 12

glucose

Question 13

If levels of NADH and ATP are low, the activity of citrate synthetase is likely to be ______.

Answer 13

high

Question 14

What is the net number of ATP molecules that can be produced from the oxidation of a glucose molecule under anaerobic conditions?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

The key enzyme in the regulation of the citric acid cycle is:

Answer 15

citrate synthetase

Question 16

The set of proteins in the cristae of the mitochondrion, which collectively extract the energy from reduced coenzymes to form ATP, are called the:

Answer 16

electron transport system

Question 17

The energy from two ATP molecules is consumed during glucose oxidation. What is the energy used for?

Answer 17

to transport NADH

Question 18

T or F: Citrate synthetase levels rise when levels of NADH and ATP are low.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

If glucose is unavailable for the cellular respiration process, what else will our body use?

Answer 19

ADIPOSE (TRIGYLERCIDES) TISSUE MOLECULES OR PROTEINS BROKEN DOWN INTO AMINO ACIDS.

Question 20

How many ATP molecules are produced from one cycle of cellular respiration?

Answer 20

TOTAL: 38. NET: 36

Question 21

What enzyme is in the matrix of the mitochondria and which step requires it in cellular respiration?

Answer 21

PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE; INTERMEDIATE STAGE. IT MAKES ACETYL CoA FROM A PYRUVATE AND CoA.