Chemical Reactions Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the 3 chemical reaction types?
Decomposition, synthesis, and exchange
Decomposition:
LARGE MOLECULE IS BREAKING INTO SMALLER STRUCTURES. (CATABOLISM) AB > A + B
Synthesis:
PUTTING IONS, ATOMS, OR MOLECULES TOGETHER. (ANABOLISM) A + B > AB
Exchange:
ATOMS, MOLECULES, IONS, OR ELECTRONS ARE EXCHANGED BETWEEN TWO CHEMCIAL STRUCTURES. AB + C > A + BC
What happens in an oxidation-reduction reaction?
MOVING ELECTRONS FROM ONE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE/REACTANT TO ANOTHER
If a structure is oxidized does it gain or lose an electron?
LOSE
If a structure is reduced, does it gain or lose an electron?
GAIN
What is the phrase to remember the movement of electrons in oxidation-reduction exchanges?
LEO says GER. LEO: Lose Energy Oxidation. GER: Gain Energy Reduced
What are the 6 classes of enzymes?
On The Himalayas, Lyf is Lightened: Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases.
Oxidoreductases:
Transfers electrons from one substance to another
Transferases:
Transfers a functional group
Hydrolases:
Splits a chemical bond using water
Lyases:
Splits a chemical bond in the absence of water
Isomerases:
Converts one isomer to another
Ligases:
Bonds two molecules together
What is an isomer?
Molecules of the same number and types of atoms but with different arrangements (e.g. glucose and galactose)
Describe the impact of an enzyme on a chemical reaction.
ENZYMES HELPS CHEMICAL REACTIONS TAKE PLACE WITH LESS ENERGY.
Define catalyzed and uncatalyzed:
CATALYZED: ENZYME IS PRESENT IN CHEMICAL REACTION. UNCATALYZED: ENZYME IS NOT PRESENT
Denaturation:
Change in a protein’s complex 3D shape that causes the biological activity to be impaired or cease. Happens because of a change in temp or pH
What is an enzyme?
Globular protein with a unique active site
Increasing the substrate or enzyme concentration _________ the rate of reaction.
Increases
What is true of chemical energy?
Chemical energy is a form of potential energy, used for synthesis of molecules, and used to establish concentration gradients.
What determines reaction rate in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
the energy required to break existing bonds and the activation energy
A cofactor is a ______ structure associated with a particular enzyme. (it assists enzymes)
nonprotein
