Chapter 5 - Health Compromising Behaviors

Question 1

Addiction

Answer 1

The state of a physical or psychological dependence on a substance that develops when that substance is used over a period of time

Question 2

Alcoholism

Answer 2

The state of physical addiction to alcohol that manifest through such

symptoms as stereotyped include drinking to maintain blood alcohol at a particular level, increasing frequency and severity of withdrawal, drinking early in the day, and in the middle of the night a sense of loss of control over drinking, and a subjective cravings for alcohol

Linked to high blood pressure, stroke, cirrhosis of the liver and some forms of cancer

Question 3

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 3

A condition produced by excessive dieting and exercise that yields body weight grossly below optimal level

most common among adolescent girls

Question 4

Binge eating disorder

Answer 4

Serious, eating disorder involving frequently, consuming large amounts of food, and feeling unable to stop eating

Question 5

Bingeing

Answer 5

A pattern of disordered eating that consist of episodes of uncontrollable eating. During each binge a person rapidly consumes an excessive amount of food.

Question 6

Bulimia

Answer 6

And eating syndrome characterized by alternating cycles of binge eating purging through techniques as vomiting and extreme dieting

Treatment is often medical intervention, prevention including the introduction of a greater variety of foods and a regularity of meals

Question 7

Controlled drinking

Answer 7

A Training technique to discriminate blood alcohol level and to control the extent of drinking

May also include coping skills for dealing with situations that are high risk for alcohol consumption

Question 8

Craving

Answer 8

Strong desire to engage in a behavior or consume a substance

Question 9

Detoxification

Answer 9

The process of withdrawing from alcohol, usually conducted in a supervised medically monitored setting

Question 10

Obesity

Answer 10

Excessive accumulation of body fat, believe to contribute to a variety of health disorders, including cardiovascular disease

Tied to atherosclerosis, hypertension, type II diabetes, and heart failure

Question 11

Passive smoking

Answer 11

Smoke that is unintentionally inhaled by non-smokers as a result of exposure to smoke, believe to cause health problems, such as bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer. Also known as second hand smoke

Question 12

Physical dependence

Answer 12

When the body has adjusted to the substance and incorporates the use of that substance into the normal functioning of the body’s tissues

Question 13

Placebo drinking

Answer 13

The consumption of non-alcoholic beverages, and social situations in which others are drinking alcohol

Question 14

Problem drinking

Answer 14

Uncontrolled drinking, that leads to social, psychological and bio medical problems resulting from alcohol

problem drinkers may show some signs associated with alcoholism, but typically from drinking is considered to be a pre-alcoholic or lesser alcoholic syndrome

Question 15

Self help aids

Answer 15

Materials that can be used by an individual on his or her own, without the aid of a therapist to assist in the modification of a personal habits often used to combat smoking, and other health related risk factors

Question 16

Set point theory of weight

Answer 16

The concept of each individual has an ideal biological weight that they cannot greatly modify

Question 17

Smoking prevention programs

Answer 17

Programs designed to help people from beginning to smoke as opposed to programs that attempt to stop people once they have already became smokers

Question 18

Stress eating

Answer 18

Eating in response to stress approximately half the population increases eating in response to stress

Question 19

Tolerance

Answer 19

The process by which the body increasingly dabs to a substance, requiring larger and larger dose for you to have the same affects, frequent characteristic of substance abuse, alcohol and drug abuse

Question 20

Withdrawal

Answer 20

Unpleasant, physical, and psychological symptoms that people experience when they stop using a substance on which they became physically dependent

symptoms may include anxiety, cravings, hallucinations, nausea, headaches, and shaking

Question 21

Weight stigma

Answer 21

The discriminatory acts and ideologies targeted on a persons weight and height

Question 22

Yo-yo dieting

Answer 22

The process of chronically alternating gaining weight and losing weight through regular dieting and extreme dieting

Yo-yo dieters increase your chances of becoming obese by altering their underlining metabolism.

Question 23

Generally, fat should constitute what percentage in women and men?

Answer 23

20-27 percent in women

15-22 percent in men

Question 24

People with abdominally localized fat are

Answer 24

More psychologically and physiologically reactive to stress

Question 25

Factors contributing to high obesity rates are

Answer 25

Sedentary lifestyle, socioeconomic status (SES), genetic tendencies to store energy as fat rather than lean tissue, adverse relationships, depression, high stress

Question 26

Attentional bias

Answer 26

Attentional bias or favor related to the issue. For example, an obese person may orient to food cues, such as appealing, high calorie foods, or a store window with rich foods.

Question 27

Stimulus control

Answer 27

Clients are trying to modify the stimuli in the environment that have previously elicited and maintained are eating and to take steps to modify the food consumption

Question 28

Synergistic effects of smoking

Answer 28

Smoking enhances the detrimental effects of other risk factors for example, smoking and cholesterol interact to produce higher rates of heart disease then would be expected from simply adding together their individual risks

Question 29

Interventions to reduce smoking

Answer 29

Changing attitudes toward smoking, nicotine replacement therapy, the therapeutic approach to the smoking problem, and social support and stress management