Ch.22 Toxicology

Question 1

Poison

Answer 1

substance whose chemical action can damage body structures or impair function

Question 2

Toxin

Answer 2

poisonous substance produced by bacteria, animals, plants that acts by changing normal metabolism of cells or by destroying them

Question 3

Opiods

Answer 3

Hypoventilation or respiratory arrest
Pinpoint pupils
sedation/ coma
hypotension

Question 4

Sympathomimetics
stimulants

Answer 4

Hypertension
tachycardia
dilated pupils
agitation or seizures
hyperthermia

Question 5

Sedative-hypnotics

Answer 5

slurred speech
sedation/coma
hypoventilation
hypotension

Question 6

Anticholinergics

Answer 6

Tachycardia
hyperthermia
hypertension
dilated pupils
dry skin and mucous membranes
sedation, agitation, seizure, coma, delirium
decreased bowel sounds

Question 7

Cholinergics

Answer 7

Airway compromise
SLUDGEM
Salivaiton, sweating
Lacrimation (eye tearing)
Urination
Defecation, drooling, diarrhea
Gastric upset and cramps
Emesis
Muscle twitching, miosis (pinpoint pupils)

Question 8

Inhaled

Answer 8

Move to fresh air
Transport

Question 9

Absorbed and surface contact

Answer 9

Remove the substance rapidly
Take off clothes
Rinse

Question 10

Ingested

Answer 10

80% of poisonings
Protect pt from aspiration of vomit
-possible activated charcoal

Question 11

Injected

Answer 11

Remove rings, jewelry from around site to avoid swelling
Take containers and bottles with you to hospital

Question 12

Activated charcoal

Answer 12

Contraindications:
-ingested alkali poisons, cyanide, ethanol, iron, lithium, methanol, mineral acids, organic solvents
-altered LOC and can’t protect airway

Dose: 1 g/ kg of bodyweight (more if food present)
Adult: usually 30-100g
children under 13: usually 15-30g