week 12 communication & signaling Flashcards

1
Q

Principles of Cells Signaling

A

receive from the environment
exchange with other cells
short or long range
can be intracellular

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2
Q

Signalling mechanisms

A

Aucotrine
Gap Junction/ Juxtacrine/ Contact
Neuronal
Paracrine
Endocrine

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3
Q

Autocrine

A

Cell signalling to itself

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4
Q

Gap Junction/ Juxtacrine/ Contact

A

Protein permit direct cell-cell contact

Adjacent cell communication via membrane bound signal

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5
Q

Neuronal

A

Neurotransmitter released from the nerve

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6
Q

Paracrine

A

mediators released within the local area

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7
Q

Endocrine

A

Hormones released (secreted) and distributed through the blood stream

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8
Q

Ligands

A

Bind to the receptor

chemical molecules, hydrophobic or hydrophilic

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9
Q

Receptors

A

proteins with specific binding sites (to particular ligands).

Intracellular - steroid
cell surface - ion, g-protein, enzyme-linked, non-enzyme containing receptors

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10
Q

Transduction

A

Receptor often generates a second messenger response to amplify signal

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11
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Pituitary Gland - Growth Hormone
Thyroid- energy temp metabolism
Parathyroid - Calcium phosphorus and magnesium
Adrenal - metabolism, immune, blood pressure
Gonads - Reproduction
Placenta - nutrients and oxygen to baby

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12
Q

Endocrine Organs

A

Brain
Heart
Liver
Gastrointestinal Tract
Kidneys
Fat

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13
Q

Hormone

A

Class of signaling molecules

some in extracellular substance

hormones induce specific responses in target cells

Travel through blood stream

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14
Q

Protein & Peptide Hormones

A

Synthesised from amino acids as peptides

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15
Q

Steroid Hormones

A

Derived from cholestorol or fatty acids

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