Week 1 - Introduction

Question 1

Quantitative Studies

Answer 1

Collect numerical data

Question 2

Qualitative Studies

Answer 2

Collect non-numerical data to answer research questions

Question 3

Variable

Answer 3

Something that varies - takes on different values of categories

Question 4

Categorical variables

Answer 4

Varies by type or kind (nominal measurement)

Question 5

Continuous Variables

Answer 5

Varies by degree or amount (interval/ratio measurement)

Question 6

Independent Variable

Answer 6

Presumed to cause changes in another variable - manipulated by the researcher

Question 7

Dependent Variable

Answer 7

The presumed effect or outcome of the study - measured by the researcher

Question 8

Extraneous Variable

Answer 8

Variables that competes with the IV in explaining the outcome or DV

Question 9

Confounding Variable

Answer 9

An extraneous variable that co-varies with the levels of the
IV

Question 10

Mediating/Intervening Variable

Answer 10

Occurs between two other variables in a causal chain

Question 11

Moderating Variable

Answer 11

Qualify a causal relationship as dependent on another variable

Question 12

Causation

Answer 12

A condition in which one event generates another event

Question 13

An experiment should be?

Answer 13

• Carefully designed
• Rigorously controlled
• Replicable
• Ethical

Question 14

Important ethical issues

Answer 14

• Informed consent
• Right to confidentiality
• Right to withdraw
• Do not cause physical or mental harm/distress

Question 15

Disadvantages of Experimental Approach

Answer 15

• Does not test the effects of nonmanipulated variables
• Artificiality or Generalizability

Question 16

Online Experiments Advantages

Answer 16

• access to diverse population
• bring experiment to participant
• large sample and thus greater power
• cost savings

Question 17

Experimental Manipulation

Answer 17

Experimenter determines which level of the IV participant is tested at

Question 18

Individual difference Manipulation

Answer 18

A characteristic of the participant determines the level of the IV at which they are tested

Question 19

Between groups

Answer 19

Each participant tested at only one level of the IV

Question 20

Within Groups

Answer 20

Each participant tested at each level of the IV

Question 21

Mixed design

Answer 21

More than one IV with at least one IV manipulated between groups and at least one within groups