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OBSTETRIC ULTRASOUND > MATERNAL CONDITIONS IN PREGNANCY > Flashcards

MATERNAL CONDITIONS IN PREGNANCY Flashcards

1
Q

cervical insufficiency

A

cervix begins to dilate or efface before pregnancy reaches term
or
inability of the cervix to retain fetus, in the absence of uterine contractions owing to functional or structural defect

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2
Q

cervical effacement

A

thinning of the cervix
-physiologic, onset of labor to prepare for delivery

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3
Q

cervical dilation

A

opening of the cervix

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4
Q

cervical dilation

A

opening of the cervix

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5
Q

short cervix

A

a cx less than 25mm (2.5cm) in length @ 18-24 weeks gestation

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6
Q

funneling

A

protrusion of the amniotic membranes of >5mm into the internal os

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7
Q

types of funneling

A

T, Y, U, V

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8
Q

transvaginal cerclage

A

suture placed as cranial as possible for longest CL, removed at 36-38 weeks

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9
Q

McDonald technique

A

purse string or cloverleaf configuration

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10
Q

Shirodkar technique

A

aims for higher placement on cx

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11
Q

transabdominal cerclage (TAC)

A

placed around lower uterine segment caesarean delivery required

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12
Q

TAC used for

A

-if transvaginal cerclage not possible or prior failure
-congenital or surgical short cx
-scarred or lacerated cervix
-equivalent to open and laparoscopic placement

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13
Q

myoma

A

fibroid
leiomyoma

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13
Q

myoma

A

fibroid
leiomyoma

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14
Q

myoma definition

A

benign uterine tumor composed of smooth muscle

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15
Q

myoma imaging

A

note location, type, and size
measure in 3 orthogonal planes
note relationship with placenta and internal os

16
Q

myoma US

A

well defined
hypoechoic myometrial mass
degenerated - often cystic and heterogenous

17
Q

placenta implants on fibroid

A

-increases risk of complications
-abruption
-spontaneous abortion
-preterm labor
-intrauterine growth restriction
-postpartum hemorrhage

18
Q

retained products of conception RPOC signs

A

-delayed post partum bleeding
-present within few days of delivery or abortion
-endometritis
-puerperal infection (postpartum infection)

19
Q

RPOC

A

incomplete uterine evacuation with retention of placental/trophoblastic tissue within endometrial cavity

20
Q

RPOC US

A

-echogenic endometrial mass with low resistance, high velocity flow
-early loss has small cystic areas
-postpartum appears more like placenta
-solid, heterogenous, echogenic mass
-persistent thickened endometrium (>10mm)
-may have calcifications
-intrauterine fluid

21
Q

synechiae

A

destruction of endometrial basal layer resulting in adhesions
uterine adhesions from scarring

22
Q

synechiae causes

A

-curettage
-trauma
-infection

23
Q

synechiae imaging

A

-band-like structure crossing uterine cavity
-variable thickness, complete or incomplete

24
Q

biophysical profile BPP

A

30 minute test to evaluate fetal well being

25
Q

BPP US monitoring

A

-fetal movements
-fetal tone
-fetal breathing
-liquor volume with or without assessment of AFI
-non stress test

26
Q

BPP indications

A

-patients with a non reactive NST
-any patient whose further confirmation of fetal well-being is desired
-should not be performed before 24 weeks

27
Q

invasive procedures indications

A

-increased risk for fetal chromosomal abnormality
-increased risk for hereditary genetic or metabolic disease
-increased risk for prenatal assessment

28
Q

invasive procedure PRE

A

-number of fetus’ and viability
-placental location
-amount of amniotic fluid
-GA

29
Q

invasive procedure POST

A

-FHR
-placenta
-volume of amniotic fluid

30
Q

amniocentesis

A

a process in which amniotic fluid is sampled using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for abnormalities in the developing uterus.

31
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

withdrawal of trophoblastic cells from the placenta
-after 10 weeks
-can be performed early
-early results also allows for first trim termination

31
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

withdrawal of trophoblastic cells from the placenta
-after 10 weeks
-can be performed early
-early results also allows for first trim termination

OBSTETRIC ULTRASOUND (5 decks)

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