CH.6 LESSON 3: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 1

The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.

Answer 1

Lipolysis

Question 2

A substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change.

Answer 2

Enzyme

Question 3

Organs that release substances into the bloodstream (such as hormones) or other surface of the body.

Answer 3

Glands

Question 4

Chemical messenger released from a gland that travels to cells to activate a specific function.

Answer 4

Hormone

Question 5

Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. They exert an action after being stimulated or activated.

Answer 5

Target (receptor) Cell

Question 6

A gland located in the brain that communicates with the pituitary gland.

Answer 6

Hypothalamus

Question 7

A small gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate sleep cycles.

Answer 7

Pineal Gland

Question 8

An organ with numerous functions, including the production of insulin, glucagon, and digestive juices.

Answer 8

Pancreas

Question 9

An endocrine gland, located in the anterior neck, responsible for the secretion of many hormones, including thyroxin and calcitonin.

Answer 9

Thyroid Gland

Question 10

An endocrine gland that controls the secretion of many hormones, including growth hormone.

Answer 10

Pituitary Gland

Question 11

A gland, located just above the kidneys, responsible for the secretion of catecholamines and cortisol.

Answer 11

Adrenal Gland

Question 12

Glands, such as the ovaries or testes, that serve sex-specific functions.

Answer 12

Reproductive Glands

Question 13

Control of blood glucose is regulated in large part by two hormones, ________ and ________, which are controlled and secreted by the pancreas.

Answer 13

Insulin, Glucagon

Question 14

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism. It causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood.

Answer 14

Insulin

Question 15

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose and functions opposite to insulin.

Answer 15

Glucagon

Question 16

Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.

Answer 16

Substrates

Question 17

Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate.

Answer 17

Glycogen

Question 18

The pancreas is not able to produce sufficient insulin

Answer 18

Type 1 Diabetes

Question 19

The cells become resistant to insulin

Answer 19

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 20

An anabolic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for growth and development.

Answer 20

Growth Hormone

Question 21

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.

Answer 21

Catecholamines

Question 22

Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy.

Answer 22

Catabolic

Question 23

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).

Answer 23

Gluconeogenesis

Question 24

Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which is also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery.

Answer 24

Overtraining

Question 25

A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics.

Answer 25

Testosterone

Question 26

Anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development.

Answer 26

Insulin-like Growth Factors

Question 27

A condition that results in elevated blood glucose levels.

Answer 27

Glucose Intolerance