Ethnicity and crime

Question 1

Racism in the CJS and the police force

Answer 1

• section 44 was made illegal in 2010 but black men were still 7 times more likely to be stopped and searched
• canteen culture (Phillips and Bowling)
• differential association (Sutherland)
• MacPherson report 1999
  x Sir Bernard Hogan Howe (former metropolitan police commissioner)

Question 2

Left Realism (Lea and Young)

Answer 2

• economic exclusion
• cultural inclusion
• marginalisation

Question 3

Right Realism (Murray)

Answer 3

• blames ethnic minorities
• Afro-Caribbean absent fathers
• new rabble
• welfare state
  x Parmer- it is dangerous to generalise family structures. most black families are not lone parent- this is exaggerated

Question 4

Neo-Marxism

Answer 4

• increased crime rates amongst ethnic minorities are socially constructed
• ‘black crime’ is socially constructed
• Hall’s policing the crisis

Question 5

locality theory