Topic 10

Question 1

Resources

Answer 1

• natural products can be replaced by sympathetic improved processes
• mining provides local people with jobs but uses lots of energy and scars the landscape
• Bioleaching & Phytominig are sustainable ways of extracting copper

Question 2

Life-cycle assessment

Answer 2

• can be BIASED and hard to put into numerical data

1. Extraction
   - scars landscape/habitats
   - sound pollution
   - lots of energy
2. Manufacturing
   - deforestation to build factories
   - lots of energy
3. Use of product
   - lifespan? recycle? reuse?
4. Disposal
   - energy used to transport waste to landfill

Question 3

Potable water

Answer 3

• water that has been treated or naturally safe to drink
• low level of dissolved salts
• rain collects as surface/ground water

1. Filtration
   - wire mesh screens large solids
   - sand/gravel filters smaller solids
2. Sterilisation
   - chlorine gas or UV kills harmful bacteria/microbes

Question 4

PRACTICAL : Desalinisation (dry areas)

Answer 4

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Question 5

Waste water treatment

Answer 5

• sewage water is treated to be put back into rivers/lakes

1. Water is screened
2. 💧 goes into settlement tank which separates sludge and effluent
3. Bacteria in effluent is broken down by biological aerobic digestion
4. Sludge is broken down by bacteria in anaerobic digestion (releasing methane)
   - methane used for energy
   - remaining digested waste used for fertilisers