PATELLA

Question 1

PP: Prone; heel 5-10o laterally (places

patella // to IR)

RP: Midpopliteal depression

CR: Perpendicular

SS: Sharper image of patella (closer OID)

Answer 1

PA PROJECTION

Question 2

PP: Lateral recumbent; unaffected knee & hip flexed; unaffected foot in front; affected knee flexed 5-10o or flexed not >10 (for new or unhealed patellar fx); femoral epicondyles & patella ┴ to IR; RP: Midpatellofemoral joint

CR: ┴

SS: Patella & patellofemoral joint space

Answer 2

LATERAL PROJECTION

Question 3

PP: Prone; knee flexed 5-10o; knee 45-55o medially RP: Patella

CR: ┴

SS: Medial portion of patella free of femur

Answer 3

PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION

Medial Rotation

Question 4

PP: Prone; knee flexed 5-10o; knee 45-55o laterally

RP: Patella

CR: ┴

SS: Lateral portion of patella free of femur

Answer 4

Lateral Rotation

Question 5

PP: Prone; hip elevated 2-3 in.; knee flexed 10o (relax the muscles); knee rotated 35-40o laterally

RP: Joint space b/n patella & femoral condyles

CR: 25-30ocaudad

SS: Oblique patella free superimposition of femur

Answer 5

KUCHENDORF METHOD

PA AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION

Lateral Rotation

Question 6

PP: Prone; anterior surface of knee against IR; knee flexed 50-60o; foot rested against collimator/support

RP: Patellofemoral joint

CR: 45o cephalad

SS: Patella; patellofemoral joint

ER:

To demonstrate subluxation of patella & patellar fx

It allows assessment of femoral condyles

Answer 6

HUGHSTON METHOD

TANGENTIAL PROJECTION

Question 7

PP: Supine; both knee flexed 40o or b/n 30-90o (to demonstrate various patellar disorders); IR resting on patient’s shins; uses IR holding device & axial viewer device

RP: Midway b/n patellae at level of patellofemoral joint

CR: 30o caudad from horizontal

SS: Femoral condyle; intercondylar sulcus & magnified nondistorted patellae

Answer 7

MERCHANT METHOD

TANGENTIAL PROJECTION

Question 8

Disadvantage: Extreme flexion

PP: Supine or prone (preferable); knee acutely flexed until patella ┴ to IR; loop bandage around ankle or foot to hold the leg in position

RP: Joint space b/n patella & femoral condyles

CR: Perpendicular (if joint is ┴); 15-20o cephalad (if joint isn’t ┴)

Angulation depends on knee flexion

SS: Patella; patellofemoral joint

ER:

Useful for demonstrating vertical & transverse fx of patella

Useful for investigating articulating surfaces of patellofemoral articulation

Answer 8

SETTEGAST METHOD

TANGENTIAL PROJECTION

Question 9

PP: Supine/Sitting; knee flexed 40-45o

RP: Patellofemoral joint

CR: 30o from horizontal

ER: Joint space b/n patella & femoral condyles

Answer 9

SUNRISE METHOD

TANGENTIAL PROJECTION

MOUNTAIN/SKYLINE VIEW