Autonomic Physiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

The things you don’t want to think about,
Smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels,
Secretions from glands
Focusing of the eye
GI neurones

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2
Q

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric

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3
Q

Describe the myelination in pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic fibres in the autonomic nervous system?

A

Pre-ganglionic (white ramus) fibre is small myelinated, post- ganglionic fibre is unmyelinated

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4
Q

Describe the receptors in the NMJ versus the ANS?

A

NMJ is ionotropic meaning they are ion channels
ANS is metabotropic meaning they are G-protein receptors

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5
Q

Where do the nerves in the sympathetic nervous system leave the spine?

A

Thoracic and the lumbar region.

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6
Q

Where do the ganglia lie in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Paravertebral ganglia lie in the sympathetic trunk which is close to the spinal cord.
Prevertebral ganglia lie in the collateral ganglia

So trunk = paravertebral, anything else = prevertebral

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7
Q

What type of information does the ventral horn carry|?

A

neurons send fibres to the skeletal muscles, causing muscle contraction

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8
Q

What type of information does the dorsal horn carry?

A

Receive sensory information from all around the body

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9
Q

White ramus is what kind of ganglionic fibre and why?

A

Pre - ganglionic, because of the myelination

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10
Q

What are the relevant neurotransmitters and receptors for the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic = noradrenaline and adrenaline - acts on adrenergic receptors alpha and beta
Parasympathetic nervous system = Acetylcholine - acts on cholinergenic receptors - muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

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11
Q

What is the grey matter made up of?

A

Cell bodies of the axons

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12
Q

What is white matter made up of?

A

Axons linking the different parts of grey matter together. Many of these nerve fibers are surrounded by a type of sheath or covering called myelin. Myelin gives the white matter its color

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13
Q

Define ganglioin

A

A structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fibre.

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14
Q

How do preganglionic fibres in the sympathetic nervous system work?

A

Release acetylcholine acting on nicotinic cholinergic receptors

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15
Q

How do postganglionic fibres in the sympathetic nervous system work?

A

Release noradrenaline which acts on alpha and beta receptors

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16
Q

Describe the structure of the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla

A

No axon, instead noradrenaline (80%) and adrenaline (20%) is released into the blood.

17
Q

What is the adrenal medulla?

A

The central portion of the adrenal gland, secretes noradrenaline and adrenaline

18
Q

Where do nerves leave the spine in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Cranial and sacral regions of the spine

19
Q

Where do the ganglia lie in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Close to the target

20
Q

What do preganglionic and postganglionic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system respond to?

A

Preganglionic = acetylcholine - nicotinic receptors
Postganglionic = acetylcholine - muscarinic receptors

21
Q

How are sweat glands innervated?

A

Sympathetic cholinergenic fibers

22
Q

What class of neurotransmitters are NO and peptides?

A

Nonchollinergenic and nonadregenic receptors