Nitrogen 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How is ammonia transported in the bloodstream?

A

As glutamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is excess glutamine processed?

A

Intestines kidney and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glutamate + ammonia =

A

Glutamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is alanine made?

A

Glutamate donates ammonia to pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is pyruvate converted to alanine?

A

Pyruvate builds up in an anaerobically working muscle - lactic acid build up. By forming alanine it can be transported to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to the protein that’s broken down during exercise?

A

Transported to the liver as alanine or glutamine. Carbon skeleton is converted into glucose or oxidised as part of the citric acid cycle. Nitrogen is excreted as ammonia and converted to urea by the urea cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is nitrogen transported through the body as glutamine and alanine instead of glutamate?

A

Glutamate has a negative charge - does not pass readily through cell membranes
AlaniNe and glutamiNe do not bear charge No charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is excess glutamate metabolised?

A

Mitochondria of hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name of the process where glutamate loses its notrogen as ammoia to form alpha ketoglutarate? And what is the electron acceptor?

A

Oxidative deamination (two electron oxidation followed by hydrolysis) NAD+ and NADP+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of Carbomyl Phosphate?

A

Recaptures the ammonia from glutamate and enters the urea cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many essential amino acids exist (ones we can only obtain through our diet)?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the fate of ketogenic amino acids?

A

They are broken down to produce acetyl - CoA (forms ketone bodies or is oxidised in the citric acid cylce) and acetoacetylacetate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are glucogenic amino acids?

A

Feed in to gluconeogenesis and can produce glucose or glycogen in the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why can’t ketogenic amino acids produce glucose?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is irreversible (Pyruvate to acetyl CoA). No net increase in Oxaloacetate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do all amino transferases rely on?

A

Pyridoxal phosphate cofactor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly