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Yr2 Anatomy - Alimentary > Class 4 > Flashcards

Class 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How is the spleen peritonised and where is it located

A

Intraperitoneal
Left upper quadrant/Left Hypochondrium but it descnends on inspiration
The hilum of the spleen is up against the pancreas’ tail

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2
Q

Function of the spleen?

A

Stores RBCs
Phagocytosis
Red pulp filters RBCs + Recycles old ones
White pulp stores platelets and RBCs

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3
Q

What does the pancreas excrete?

A

Exocrine - Digestive pancreatic juice

Endocrine - Hormones (insulin/glucagon)

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4
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas?

A

Head - In C curve of duodenum
Neck
Body
Tail - Tickles Splenic hilum

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5
Q

How is the pancreas peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

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6
Q

What vein forms posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

A

Hepatic portal vein

From sup. mesenteric and splenic veins

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7
Q

Where does the pancreatic duct open?

A

Through the major duodenal papilla

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8
Q

What are the major ligaments of the liver?

A

Falciform - between two major lobes
Round - Remnant of foetal umbilical vein on bottom of falciform
Coronary Ligament - Along top of right lobe
Left Triangular Ligament - Sticking out top of left lobe

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9
Q

What is the bare area?

A

A section on the superior surface of the right lobe of the liver that lacks peritoneaum

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10
Q

What are the other lobes of the liver?

A

Caudate - Superior to porta hepatis and just medial to vena caval passage

Quadrate - Just medial to gall bladder

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11
Q

What structures pass into the porta hepatis and what fold of peritoneum wraps round them?

A 
Portal Vein
Hepatic Artery
Hepatic Nerve plexus
Common Hepatic Duct
Lymph vessels

Lesser Omentum

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12
Q

What are the parts of the extrahepatic biliary apparatus?

A
  • L & R hepatic ducts
  • Common Hepatic Duct
  • Gall Bladder
  • Cystic Duct
  • Common Bile Duct
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13
Q

Where is bile produced and stored?

A

Liver hepatocytes -> Bile Canaliculus -> Hepatic ducts -> Cystic Duct -> Gall bladder

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14
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

Emulsifies fat and fat soluble vitamins

Als eliminates toxins filtered from blood by hepatocytes

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15
Q

Parts of the pancreatic/biliary system?

A

Common bile duct joins with pancreatic duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla (of vater).
There’s a bile duct sphincter and pancreatic duct sphincter prior to the ampulla.
Passes through sphincter of oddi and out major duodenal papilla into duodenum (2nd or 4 parts of duodenum)

(there’s also an accessory pancreatic duct that opens into duodenum slightly above the major duodenal papilla.)

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16
Q

What is the triangle of calot?

A

A triangle formed by the common hepatic duct, cystic duct and inferior surface of the liver.

It contains the cystic artery

17
Q

What are the main histological features of the pancreas?

A
  • Islets of langherans which are poorly stained endocrine areas
  • Pure serous acini composed of large strongly stained cells
  • Small lobules surrounded by connective tissue septa
18
Q

How does the liver appear histologically?

A

Central vein with radiating sinusoids surrounded by hepatocytes forming a hexagonal lobule.
Portal triad visible at the corners of the hexagonal lobules

19
Q

Describe the structure of the spleen?

A

Made up of:
Red pulp = RBCs & Splenic Sinusoids
White Pulp = WBCs, lymphatic nodues & Central arterioles

Its wrapped in a dense fibromuscular capsule of collagen and elastic fibres with scattered smooth muscle. It then branches into trabeculae that radiate inside the spleen.

20
Q

What is the surface marking of the gall bladder?

A

The right 9th costal cartilage at the tip of the 9th rib

21
Q

Whats the surface marking of the spleen?

A

The left 9-11th ribs

22
Q

What abdominal plane crosses the pancreas and where?

A

The transpyloric plane goes through the neck of the pancreas (L1/L2)

23
Q

What procedure would we use to look at the abdominal arteries?

A

Abdominal angiogram

24
Q

How would we look at the ureter and what parts would we see?

A

An Intravenous Urogram (Also called a pylogram). Its a combination of X-ray & Special dye.

IT shows the major & minor calyces, pelvis of the ureter and the ureter itself.

25
Q

Define calyces?

A

Cup shaped cavities collecting urine till it passes to the ureter

26
Q

How would we differentiate jejunum from ileum on a barium swallow?

A

The jejunum is more to the left and feathery

The ileum is more to the right and smoother

27
Q

Define paracolic gutter?

A

Space lateral to the asc./desc. colon. Fluid often collects here

28
Q

How is the colon peritonised?

A

Transverse and sigmoid colon are intraperitoneal.

The caecum, asc, and desc are usually retroperitoneal

29
Q

How does the splenic artery appear on a CT?

A

Spiralled due to its tortuous nature

30
Q

Why might drawing up their hip indicate appendicitis?

A

The appendix often rests on the psoas major so they may draw thier hip up to minimise pain

Yr2 Anatomy - Alimentary (9 decks)

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