Vocabulary

Question 1

Limiting reactant

Answer 1

reactant that is completely used when the chemical reaction is completed.

Question 2

Excess reactant

Answer 2

the substance not used completely in a reaction.

Question 3

Theoretical yield

Answer 3

the maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given reactant. (Done by calculation)

Question 4

Actual yield

Answer 4

the measured amount of that product obtained from a reaction. (will be given)

Question 5

Percentage yield

Answer 5

the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100.

Question 6

Soluble

Answer 6

able to be dissolved, especially in water.

Question 7

Solution

Answer 7

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Question 8

Solvent

Answer 8

is the dissolving medium in a solution

Question 9

Solute

Answer 9

the substance dissolved in a solution

Question 10

Suspension

Answer 10

if particles in a solvent are large, they settle, it’s a suspension

Question 11

Colloids

Answer 11

particles intermediate in size between those of a solution and suspension; particles in a colloid are small enough to be suspended throughout the solvent. Ex. Mayonnaise, milk, gelatin, smoke.

Question 12

Tyndall effect

Answer 12

occurs when light is scattered by colloidal particles dispersed in a transparent medium.

Question 13

Emulsion

Answer 13

a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible

Question 14

Electrolyte

Answer 14

is a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current. Ex. table salt (NaCl) when dissolved in water (H2O) gives [Na+ and Cl]

Question 15

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 15

is a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current. Ex. sugar and water, no ions are free to move (no conducting electricity)

Question 16

Alloys

Answer 16

mixtures of different solids

Question 17

Solubility

Answer 17

the ability to dissolve into another substance

Question 18

Saturated solution

Answer 18

a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute

Question 19

Unsaturated solution

Answer 19

a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the same conditions

Question 20

Supersaturated solution

Answer 20

a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions.

Question 21

Immiscible

Answer 21

Unmixable

Question 22

Miscible

Answer 22

Mixable

Question 23

Henry’s Law

Answer 23

solubility of gas in liquids is directly proportional to the partial pressure of gas on liquid surface

Question 24

Effervescence

Answer 24

the rapid escape of a gas from a
liquid in which it is dissolved

Question 25

Concentration

Answer 25

is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.

Question 26

Dilute

Answer 26

the opposite of concentrated, make (a liquid) weaker by adding water or another solvent to it.

Question 27

Molarity

Answer 27

is the number of moles of a solution per litre of solvent

Question 28

Molality

Answer 28

is the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Question 29

Dissociation

Answer 29

is the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves.

Question 30

Net ionic equation

Answer 30

includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution.

Question 31

Spectator ions

Answer 31

ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction

Question 32

Ionization

Answer 32

the process in which ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent

Question 33

Strong electrolyte

Answer 33

any compound whose dilute aqueous solutions conduct electricity well; fully dissociates in water.

Question 34

Stoichiometry

Answer 34

the relationship between the quantities of reactants and products before, during, and after chemical reactions