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BSNS111 notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Development that meets needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations

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2
Q

What is a sustainability example?

A

FIJI Water- FIJI water, the most-imported brand in America, deserves a Shady Water Company award. For one, the island of Fiji’s military junta protects the brand at the expense of Fijian citizens. Most people in Fiji don’t have safe drinking water, thanks to FIJI’s habit of exporting it. Typhoid outbreaks are common on the island (from contaminated water). The company uses plastic made in Chinese diesel-powered plants to produce its thick rectangular bottles.5. Soc

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3
Q

What are some sustainablity implications (examples)?

A

United Nations 17 sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

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4
Q

What is an SDG?

A

Countries of the UN are ranked on their ‘Sustainable Management Goals’ Criteria.

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5
Q

What is Internet services?

A

Customer shave accustomed to informality and transparency in their dealings with business. Enterprises need to adjust their marketing accordingly

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6
Q

What is consumer-centric businesses (3)

A
  1. Purpose driven innovation
  2. Consumer involvement
  3. Cross-Boundary Collaboration
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7
Q

What is Transactional business?

A

Single sales

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8
Q

What is relational business?

A

Customer retention. Today’s young people are as concerned with making a positive impact on the world as they are with makingmoney. A whopping 94% want to use their skills to benefit a cause. Yet not many have confidence in the free market system. Social enterprise has taken off as a new formula for success, combining capitalism with a do-gooder mentality. These self-funding, for-profit businesses also have a mission to tackle global issues such as hunger, education, and climate change. To achieve their high-minded goals, the companies might fund specific programs, partner with governments or existing philanthropic entities, or follow a one-for-one donation model, and work on either the local or international level. Donations and grants don’t allow them to innovate and grow.

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9
Q

What is an example of greenwashing?

A

Consumer NZ investigative writer Vanessa Pratley said the advertising of Kathmandu’s BioDown jacket was misleading about its environmental impact. “Testing aside, the shell of the jacket is made of nylon, a plastic, combined with a ‘special additive’ that makes it biodegradable

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10
Q

What is greenwashing?

A

Making an unsubstationated or misleading claim about the environmental benefits of a product, service, technology or company practise. Greenwashing can make a company appear to be more environmentally friendly than it really is.

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11
Q

What is over-production?

A

“In every single industry now, there is overcapacity in production and lack of capacity in terms of people”

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12
Q

What is the social contract?

A

Surrenders freedoms and submits to authority of the crown

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13
Q

What is CSR?

A

To align a company social and environmental activities with its business purposes and values

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14
Q

What are the advantages of CSR? (3)

A

Human Resource Recruitment, Business development, Stakeholder management

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of CSR?

A

May take Management focus away, appears cosmetic - no genuine impact, make company vulnerable to bad business, restrict FT

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16
Q

What is responsive CSR?

A

It addresses generic social impacts in corporate citizenship and value chain social impacts, mitigates harm

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17
Q

What is strategic CSR?

A

It transforms value chain social impacts that benefit society while reinforcing corporate strategy

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18
Q

What is the Maori way of CSR?

A

Maori way has been present in our country in one form or another for many years. Now NZ businesses are applying these principles more widely

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19
Q

What is Kaitiakitanga?

A

Guardianship of natural resources, protection, preservation, key factor of sustainability

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20
Q

What is capitalism?

A

The economic and political system where major portions of production and distribution is in private lands, operating under what is termed a ‘profit’ or ‘market’ system

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21
Q

What is materialism?

A

A tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values

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22
Q

What is profit motive?

A

It implies a critical assumption about human nature - the human beings are economic creatures who recognise and are motivated by their own monetary interest. Free competition makes individual pursuit of self interest socially beneficial

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23
Q

What is the freedman doctrine?

A

Uses resources and encouraged activities which increase profits so long as it stays within “the rule of the game”

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24
Q

What is the Anglo-American worldview?

A

Little consideration for anything outside stakeholders such as the environment - the greatest threat to environment sustainability is the continued increase in human consumption

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25
Q

What is system thinking?

A

Modes of responding to messy/complex situations

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26
Q

What is wicked problems?

A

Environmental problems and problems with characteristics e.g complexity, uncertainty, conflict

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27
Q

What is the circular economy?

A

Keeping resources and extracting value from them as long as possible, recovering and regenerating these resources at the end of each life cycle;e

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28
Q

What is anthropocentric?

A

The earths systems have been altered by human activity. Humans perceived as most valuable organism
can be related back to fast fashion industry

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29
Q

What is sustain-centric?

A

Human environment has a close relationship with environment and relies on the environment. People decide how they want to organise systems of exchange.. create economic systems that sustain their quality of life

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30
Q

WHat is the significance of ethics?

A

Society has put more pressure on to act ethically, with a changing social contract. Social media and the media in general can expose businesses not acting ethically, which reach a wide range of people. Therefores society’s expectations of business ethics have dramatically increased

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31
Q

What is ethics?

A

Standards of conduct which originate from an external source such as society or business.

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32
Q

What are some examples of ethical issues?

A

Infant formula controversy, Rana Plaza, Plant Safety and Phopal Tragedy -

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33
Q

What are morals?

A

The standards of conduct that originate within an individual

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34
Q

What is diversity?

A

The variety of differences between people in an organisation. It encompasses things such as race, gender ethnicity and age

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35
Q

What is ‘diversity fatigue’?

A

companies fail to rethink management stiles nd simply engage in ‘box-thinking’

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36
Q

Why is diversity important?

A

Companies are realising diversity is key to companies success and many companies actively seek a workplace that not only matches their increasingly diverse world but also draws upon an under-utilised talent pool

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37
Q

What is employee rights

A

Govt action: HWSA (health and safety work act), explain this act, managers have greater responsibility. Employers have an ethical responsibility to employees and the public to provide a safe workplace, secure asset protection and a safe place to transact business

38
Q

What is HSWA

A

Health and Safety Work Act: Requires works and other are given the highest level of protection from workplace health and safety risks, so far as is reasonably practisable.

39
Q

What is employers ethical responsibility?

A

Employers have an ethical responsibility to employees and the public to provide a safe workplace, secure asset protection and a safe place to transact business

40
Q

What is an ethical organisational culture?

A

Moral management follows highest standard of ethical behaviour. Important as managers and employees look to their bosses for cues regarding acceptable practises and policies

41
Q

What is strategic management?

A

The existence of a set core ethical values infused throughout the organisation by way of policies, processes and practises

42
Q

What is corporate public policy?

A

Firms posture, stance, strategy regarding acceptable practises and policies

43
Q

What is the Maori worldview?

A

All beings are perched as having equal importance in no discernible order

44
Q

What is Tikanaga?

A

Ethical framework of Maori society; what is right in any situation. foundation of decision making, relevant in business

45
Q

What is Nga Matatini Maori?

A

Diversity

46
Q

What is kotohitanga?

A

Unity, shared sense of belonging

47
Q

What is Kiatikitanga?

A

Guardianship of natural resources

48
Q

What is Wairuatanga?

A

Spirituality

49
Q

What is Mananaakitanga?

A

Hospitality, generosity care and living

50
Q

What is whanaungatanga?

A

An ethic of belonging, kinship

51
Q

What is lasissez-faire economy?

A

Restricts government intervention in economy, economy is strongest when the government protects individuals rights

52
Q

What is a pluralistic society?

A

The view that politics and decision making are located mostly in the framework of government, but they many non govt groups use their resources to exert influence

53
Q

What is the utilitarian appraoch?

A

The ethical concept that moral behaviour produces the greatest good for the greatest number

54
Q

What Is the individualism approach?

A

Holds that acts are moral when they promote the individual best long term interest, which ultimately leads to greater good (the invisible hand)

55
Q

What is the moral rights approach?

A

Holds that moral decisions are those that best maintain the rights of those people affected by them

56
Q

What is the justice approach?

A

The ethical concept that moral decisions must be based on standards of equity, fairness and impartiality

57
Q

What is the practical approach?

A

Decisions based on prevailing standards of the profession and larger society, taking the interest of all stakeholder into account.

58
Q

How much money do Maori authorities have?

A

$1.5b assets

59
Q

What are the characteristics of an indigenous economy? (2)

A
  1. Economic activity is associated with the respective indigenous worldview
  2. Approach values ‘accumulation of sharing’ (equitable distributor of wealth amongst community)
60
Q

What are the characteristics of an indigenous economy? (2)

A
  1. Economic activity is associated with the respective indigenous worldview
  2. Approach values ‘accumulation of sharing’ (equitable distributor of wealth amongst community)
61
Q

What are tribal bodies?

A

Receive, amongst other assets. Fisheries and Treaty settlement assets. they may have a range of central and local govt contracts, including providing social, educational and health services. Most are relatively new to the commercial environment. As the tribal bodies title indicates, they tend to have a strong bias for politics

62
Q

What is the Maori Collective Businesses?

A

These involve Land Incorporations and other types of collectively owned trusts. May are aligned to the business environment and highly involved in exports. Most have been in self-governances and management roles for many years and have cemented long term business relationships

63
Q

What is localised Maori services?

A

These are organisations such as Kohanga Reo, Wanaga, Helath and Service providers. The majority have high levels of government contracts

64
Q

What is value based management and leadership?

A

The relatively enduring beliefs about what kinds of behaviours or ed states are preferable to others, individual and collective and shared conceptions

65
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

The idea that our beliefs and behaviours are right, while those of other peoples are wrong or misguided

66
Q

What is egalitarianism?

A

The doctrine that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities

67
Q

What is business and employees?

A

Changing expectation we, society, have about business activities (sufficient pay and working conditions)

68
Q

What is bullseye sustainability model?

A

Economy, society, environment

69
Q

What is egoistic values?

A

asking how my values toward the neviornemnt affect myself and my well-being

70
Q

What is altruistic values?

A

Asking how my values towards the environment affect others around me

71
Q

What is biospheric values?

A

Asking how my values toward the environment affect the earth and in turn everyone else

72
Q

What is the invisible hand?

A

It is a metaphor for how, in a free market economy, self-interested individuals operate through a system of mutual interdependence. This interdependence incentivizes producers to make what is socially necessary, even though they may care only about their own well-being.

73
Q

What is agency theory?

A

Promotes idea that shareholders own and the Board acts in their interest as their ‘agents’ focus on returning profit to shareholders. This is often an ‘unspoken assumption; in contemporary businesses as shareholders ‘own’ and are the ‘principals’ with authority to manage business. Managers are delegated decision making authority and they are therefore ‘agents’ of shareholders as an agent, they’re obliged to operate in accordance with shareholder desires

74
Q

What is the systems theory?

A

All element existing outside the boundary of organisation that have the potential to affect the organisation. As an open system, organisation draws resources from the external environment and releases goods and services back

75
Q

What is profit motive?

A

The desire for financial gain as an incentive in economic activity.

76
Q

What does the NZ govt do in terms of of business approach?

A

NZ GOVT practices hands off approach to business If we want growth, success, and innovation in NZ firms, the regulatory environment needs to encourage this..These are two key ways that the government can support NZ Businesses: a) actively supporting (e.g., using a vehicle like Callahan Innovation) or b) adjusting policies to reduce the impact or burden on different types of firms. Ie lowering corporate tax rates or GST for smaller/NZ based firms E.g Nertherland’s ‘Tax group subsidiary’ law which allows businesses to combine the profits and loses of multiple entities provided they’re a local company.We as consumersand taxpayers have the ability to change the NZ GOVT approach to business, allowing NZ based companies to thrive, bringing a plethora of benefits,

77
Q

What is the Maori Economy?

A

Encourage multi-level economic development in a way that matches cultural patterns and expectations.

78
Q

What is Maori based management and leadership?

A

It is recognizing that it is the mana, or power and authority vested in a leader gives it a communal aspect. In this context, Māori leaders are accountable to their collective in less hierarchical/authoritarian and more open, honest and caring ways. Māori leadership is a form of pragmatic leadership, highlighting leadership practice as relational and value rational, embedded within the innate connectedness of human beings and spirit.

79
Q

What is moral management?

A

Employees are viewed as a human resource that must be treated with dignity and respect

80
Q

What is amoral management?

A

Employees are treated as the law requires

81
Q

What is immoral management?

A

Employees are viewed as factors of production to be used, exploited and manipulated

82
Q

What is the ethical lag?

A

Technological importeert advances at a rate much faster than ethics can maintain

83
Q

How ICT changes businesses?

A

Mobile solutions, connectivity, and social impact, productive/costs, data and analysis

84
Q

What is bioethics?

A

A field that deals with the ethical issues embedded in the commercial use of biotechnology

85
Q

What is stakeholder management?

A

Individuals or groups with which business interacts and who have a vested interest in the firm

86
Q

What is colonialism?

A

A practise or policy of control by one people or power over other people or areas often establishing clones and generally with the aim of economic dominance in the process of colonisation, colonisers may impose their religion, language, economic and other cultural practises

87
Q

Where are we now?

A

Massive inequality, mass migration, post truth, future shock

88
Q

What is consumer NZ role in ethics?

A

Consumer NZ, is an organization that covers a wide range of activities relating to consumer protection and information. Its work includes comparative tests and surveys of consumer goods and services, research into and advice on financial, food, health, safety, welfare and environmental matters, representation at parliamentary committees and public enquiries and interest in consumer education and complaints advisory work. The Minister of Consumer Affairs has cited Consumer NZ as a source of guidance for consumers wanting to understand the Consumer Guarantees Act. With the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Consumer NZ manages Power-switch, which is a project to assist consumers in evaluating the costs of consuming electricity. *Test products and services, and recommend which we think are best *Investigate issues we reckon consumers need to know more about *Mystery shop and survey to keep businesses honest *Advise thousands of consumers about their rights and how to exercise them *Campaign to get laws and regulations changed to benefit consumers *Recommend businesses you can trust

89
Q

What Supermarket ‘market study; will determine whether food prices are too high?

A

*Consumer NZ chief executive Jon Duffy said, “The behaviour we see and the complaints we receive from consumers suggests that the market may not be functioning as competitively as it should.” *The consumer advocacy group regularly received complaints about misleading prices and “items remaining on special for so long it is hard to argue it is on special”, he said *Duffy also voiced concerns about supermarkets’ loyalty schemes, saying they should be an area of focus for the commission. “Both market players now make it a compulsory requirement for consumers to hand over their purchasing history and other personal information through loyalty schemes if they want to access in-store discounts.” *Consumer NZ research director Jessica Wilson has said its major concerns are high margins and pricing practices, and that it would like to see some form of price monitoring for groceries i

90
Q

What is the stockholder theory?

A

Holds that a company has no ethical obligations to society other than to earn the largest possible profit for its stockholders or owners within the ,omits of business ethics and the law

91
Q

What is the stakeholder theory?

A

It holds that a company os morally obligated to all parties with a stake in the outcome of its activities, including employees, the communication and the environment as well as stockholders

92
Q

What is the social contract theory?

A

Holds that all businesses operate under an unwritten contract with the society as a whole, in which the society allows the company to do business under the condition that its actions benefit society

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