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Urinalysis > Renal Regulation > Flashcards

Renal Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Blood enters the capillaries if the nephron

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2
Q

Glomerulus

A

Located in the Bowman Capsule

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3
Q

Renal Blood flow

A

1200 mL/min

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4
Q

Glomerular Filtration

A

Controlled by hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure
Feedback mechanism of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

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5
Q

Shield of Negativity

A

Repels molecules with a negative charge - albumin

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6
Q

RAAS regulates

A

Flow of blood to and within glomerulus
Responds to changes in blood pressure and plasma sodium content

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7
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Maintains the glomerular blood pressure at a relatively constant rate

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8
Q

Macula densa

A

Located in the distal convoluted tubule
Monitors blood pressure and sodium content

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9
Q

Renin

A

Enzyme produced by juxtaglomerular cells
Reacts with bloodborne substrate angiotensinogen

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10
Q

Angiotensin I

A

Product of renin reacting with angiotensinogen
Passes through lungs

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11
Q

Angiotensin II

A

Product of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin I
Corrects renal blood flow through vasodilation of afferent arterioles and constriction of efferent arterioles
Stimulates reabsorption of NA and H2O in PCT
Triggering release of NA-retaining hormone aldosterone

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12
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

A

Active reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, and salts
Passive reabsorption of water and urea
Secretion of organic acids and bases

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13
Q

Descending Loop of Henle

A

Passive reabsorption of water

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14
Q

Ascending Loop of Henle

A

Active reabsorption of NA
Passive reaborption of Urea and NA

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15
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

A

Reabsorption of NA
Secretion of urea, uric acid, H+, NA+, and K+

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16
Q

Collecting Duct

A

Reabsorption of Water
Secretion of H+

17
Q

Renal Threshold

A

Plasma concentration at which active transport stops
Glucose (160 to 180 mg/dl)

18
Q

Aldosterone

A

Regulates reabsorption of Na+ in DCT

19
Q

Vasopressin

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that is released by the posterior pituitary gland when amount of water in body decreases
Controls amount of water absorbed by high level of ADH, increases water absorption (makes walls permeable).

20
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Decreased production/function of ADH
Increased urine flow
Decreased specific gravity
Increased urine glucose

21
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Defect in pancreatic production of insulin, increased blood glucose
Increased urine flow
High specific gravity
Increased urine glucose

Urinalysis (5 decks)

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