L9

Question 1

Abuse of Psychomimetic Drugs

Answer 1

• Cocaine
• Amphetamine & related drugs
• Marijuana, hashish & cannabinoids
• Hallucinogens: Lysergic acid، diethylamide (LSD)
• Nicotine

• Note. Ampicillin is not drug of abuse

Question 2

Mechanism of action of cocaine ?

Answer 2

-Inhibit reuptake & increase synaptic Dopamine & Noradrenaline

-used by nasal snuff

Question 3

Amphetamines MOA?

Answer 3

-Direct: agonist on adrenergic receptors, both a & b
-Indirect: Increased release of catecholamine at nerve endings

taken IV or orally

Question 4

Withdrawal effects of Cocaine & Amphetamines ?

Answer 4

• increase in appetite & sleep, Dysphoria, depression, fatigue,

Question 5

Acute over dosage of cocaine & amphetamines causes?

Answer 5

hypertension angina, MI & stroke, coma

Treatment of this:
• For withdrawal effects: Diazepam ,clonidine
• For acute symptoms: IV diazepam propranolol

Question 6

Chronic use of cocaine & amphetamines can cause?

Answer 6

Psychosis or Depression

Treatment:

• Anti-depressants (e.g. fluoxetine) for depression
• Anti-psychotics (e.g. risperidone) for psychosis

Question 7

Marijuana & Hashish Charateristic signs are ?

Answer 7

high pulse rate & reddening of
conjunctiva, but no change in pupil size

Question 8

lysergic acid diethylamide Hallucinogens effect?

Answer 8

Poor memory & thinking

Question 9

Panic reaction from over dose in hallucinogen should give?

Answer 9

benzodiazepines (diazepam).

Question 10

is main psychoactive component of tobacco?

Answer 10

Nicotine ( highly addictive )

Question 11

Alcohol widely used due to ?

Answer 11

Low doses cause euphoria, relieve anxiety & tension

Question 12

Action of alcohol

Answer 12

• Low concentration increases neuronal transmission
• High concentration inhibits neuronal transmission

Question 13

Alcohol Distribution & Metabolism

Answer 13

Distribution:
Rapid, all over body, more in CNS (high blood flow, high lipid solubility)

Metabolism:
Changed to acetaldehyde by Alcohol dehydrogenase
High acetaldehyde is toxic to liver & heart

Question 14

…………………………….inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme & produce a reaction (Nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, flushing of skin, tachycardia & dyspnea

Answer 14

Disulfiram

• Cefalosporins & Sufonylureas have similar effect.

Question 15

Sever Acute alcohol poisoning:

Answer 15

coma, respiratory depression, hypothermia
vasodilatation, hypotension shock, renal failure.

Question 16

Effects of chronic alcohol abuse

Answer 16

CVS & Blood:
hypertension
• Low incidence of IHD (due to high HDL)
• Genito-urinary: Diuresis, increased sex desire
• Endocrines: Gynaecomatia, testicular atrophy

Question 17

To reduce alcohol intake:

Answer 17

• a. Naltrexone: opioid antagonist, reduces abuse
potential of alcohol.
• b. Disulfiram: Causes unpleasant reaction with
ingestion of alcohol & prevents alcohol abuse.
ممنوع مع بعض لانه راح يفجر الكبد 😵‍💫
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