Vocabulary Terms & Main Ideas: Review V Flashcards

1
Q

Indus River Valley

A

The Indus River Valley refers to a historic civilization that flourished around the banks of the Indus River in present-day Pakistan and northwest India, known for its advanced urban planning and trade networks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hindu Kush and the Himalayas

A

The Hindu Kush and the Himalayas are mountain ranges in South Asia that serve as natural boundaries, with the Hindu Kush located in Afghanistan and the Himalayas spanning several countries, including India, Nepal, and Bhutan, known for their majestic peaks and importance in regional geography and climate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Harappa

A

Harappa refers to an ancient city and archaeological site located in the Indus River Valley, known for its well-planned urban layout and being one of the major centers of the Indus Valley Civilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mohenjo-daro

A

Mohenjo-daro is an ancient city and archaeological site in the Indus River Valley, renowned for its sophisticated urban infrastructure and being one of the largest settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Citadel

A

A citadel is a fortified area within a city or town, typically located on high ground, designed to serve as a defensive stronghold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Zhong guo

A

“Zhong guo” is a Mandarin term meaning “Middle Kingdom” and is commonly used to refer to China, highlighting its historical and cultural significance as a central civilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Huang He

A

The Huang He, also known as the Yellow River, is the second-longest river in China and plays a crucial role in Chinese history and agriculture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Loess

A

Loess refers to a fertile, wind-deposited sediment consisting of fine-grained particles, typically yellowish in color, found in regions such as China, and it is highly valued for its agricultural benefits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Yangshao

A

The Yangshao culture refers to a Neolithic culture in ancient China known for its painted pottery, agriculture-based economy, and early forms of social organization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Longshan

A

The Longshan culture refers to a Late Neolithic culture in ancient China known for its distinctive black pottery, advanced craftsmanship, and the development of complex social structures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Huang He Valley

A

The Huang He Valley refers to the region surrounding the Yellow River in China, characterized by its fertile land, extensive agricultural activity, and historical significance in shaping Chinese civilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Shang Dynasty

A

The Shang Dynasty was an ancient Chinese dynasty that existed from approximately 1600 to 1046 BCE, known for its advanced bronze technology, oracle bone inscriptions, and the establishment of a centralized state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oracle bones

A

Oracle bones were ancient Chinese artifacts, typically made from the bones of animals, used for divination during the Shang Dynasty, with inscriptions providing valuable insights into early Chinese writing and religious practices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Kaolin

A

Kaolin is a fine white clay composed mainly of kaolinite, widely used in ceramics, papermaking, cosmetics, and various industrial applications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anyang

A

Anyang is an ancient city in China that served as the capital of the Shang Dynasty, renowned for its archaeological discoveries and the presence of the royal tombs of ancient Chinese rulers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Zhou Dynasty

A

The Zhou Dynasty, spanning from 1046 to 256 BCE, was a transformative era in ancient Chinese history, marked by the rise of feudalism, significant cultural advancements, and the concept of the “Mandate of Heaven.”

17
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

The Mandate of Heaven was an ancient Chinese belief system that claimed the legitimacy of rulers based on divine approval, with the notion that a just and virtuous ruler would be granted the right to govern by the higher powers.

18
Q

Mandate

A

Mandate, in general terms, refers to an authoritative command, instruction, or authorization given by a governing body or superior entity.

19
Q

Cavalry

A

Cavalry refers to a military unit or troops that fight on horseback, historically known for their mobility, speed, and effectiveness in warfare.

20
Q

Nineveh

A

Nineveh was an ancient Assyrian city located in present-day Iraq, known for its grandeur, as the capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, and for being the site of significant archaeological discoveries.

21
Q

King Nebuchadnezzar

A

King Nebuchadnezzar II was a prominent ruler of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, known for his military campaigns, architectural achievements like the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and the conquest of Judah resulting in the Babylonian exile.

22
Q

Persians

A

Persians refer to an ancient civilization originating in modern-day Iran, renowned for their vast empire, administrative prowess, cultural contributions, and notable rulers such as Cyrus the Great and Darius I.

23
Q

Cyrus II

A

Cyrus II, also known as Cyrus the Great, was an influential Persian king who founded the Achaemenid Empire, known for his military conquests, diplomatic skills, and his policy of religious and cultural tolerance.

24
Q

Cambyses

A

Cambyses II was the son of Cyrus the Great and the second ruler of the Achaemenid Empire, recognized for his military campaigns, including the conquest of Egypt, and his complex reign marked by both accomplishments and controversies.

25
Q

Darius I

A

Darius I, also known as Darius the Great, was the third ruler of the Achaemenid Empire, celebrated for his administrative reforms, expansive empire-building efforts, and the construction of impressive architectural projects such as the Royal Road and Persepolis

26
Q

Satraps

A

Satraps were provincial governors in the ancient Persian Empire who exercised administrative and military authority on behalf of the central ruler, helping to maintain control over the vast territories of the empire.

27
Q

Zoroaster

A

Zoroaster, also known as Zarathustra, was an ancient Persian prophet and founder of Zoroastrianism, a monotheistic religion centered on the worship of Ahura Mazda and the concept of cosmic dualism.

28
Q

Ahura Mazda

A

Ahura Mazda is the supreme deity in Zoroastrianism, representing the principle of good, light, and truth, and is considered the creator and sustainer of the universe.

29
Q

Ahriman

A

Ahriman, also known as Angra Mainyu, is the principle of evil and darkness in Zoroastrianism, opposing Ahura Mazda and representing chaos, deceit, and destructive forces in the universe.

30
Q

Avesta

A

The Avesta is the sacred scripture of Zoroastrianism, comprising hymns, prayers, rituals, and teachings that provide insights into the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Persian faith.