Lecture 4

Question 1

is a change in a DNA sequence.

Answer 1

mutation

Question 2

Give examples of tumor suppreesors that are mutated in many types of cancer

Answer 2

• transcription factor (p53)
• the retinoblastoma

Question 3

A change in a single base pair is often referred to as a

Answer 3

point mutation.

Question 4

Point mutations example?

Answer 4

sickle-cell anemia

Question 5

Changes thenucleotide sequence so that instead of encoding an amino acid, the triplet functions as a stop codon, terminating the protein.
Which type of mutations?

Answer 5

nonsense mutation

Question 6

is a nucleotide change that results in a different amino acid, such as a change from Lysine(AAA)Toglutamate (GAA)
Which type of mutations?

Answer 6

missense mutation

Question 7

Type of Causes of DNA Damages:

Answer 7

Endogenous (DNA damage , Spontaneous)
Exogenous ( Chemical, Physical )

Question 8

encode proteins that drive the cell division cycle forward called

Answer 8

oncogenes

Question 9

Encode proteins that suppress cell division.

Answer 9

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 10

main pathway used to remove bulky DNA lesions such as those formed by UV light.

Answer 10

Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)

Question 11

The enzyme for Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) called what?

Answer 11

excinuclease complex or UvrABC complex.

Question 12

The enzyme for Base Excision Repair (BER) called what?

Answer 12

DNA glycosylase
, Then DNA polymerase filling new DNA.Finally DNA ligase seal the nick.

Question 13

Is the one that removes any error left in the DNA after replication.

Answer 13

Mismatch Repair system (MMR)