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3RD SEM 2J - PARA LEC > BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMATODES > Flashcards

BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMATODES Flashcards

1
Q

vector-borne filarial nematode genus associated w human infections

A

Mansonella spp.

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2
Q

three species of Mansonella

A

M. ozzardi
M. perstans
M. streptocera

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3
Q

Mansonella spp.: primary vectors

A

biting midges (Midge fly) of genus Culicoides

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4
Q

Mansonella spp.: a New World species w a patchy distribution; endemic to Central America

A

M. ozzardi

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5
Q

Mansonella spp.: an Old World species that occurs in tropical regions of West and Central Africa

A

M. streptocerca

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6
Q

Mansonella spp.: endemic throughout West, East, and Central Africa

A

Mansonella perstans

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7
Q

M. perstans was likely introduced where?

A

neotropical regions of Central and South America

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8
Q

Mansonella spp.: symptomatic or asymptomatic infection?

A

asymptomatic

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9
Q

M. perstans and M. ozzardi diagnosed by?

A

finding microfilariae cicrulating in BLOOD

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10
Q

M. streptocerca is usually diagnosed by?

A

finding microfilariea in SKIN SNIPS

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11
Q

standard treatment for mansonellosis

A

none

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12
Q

combination therapy for M. perstans mcirofilaremia?

A

diethylcarbamazine + mebendazole

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13
Q

diagnostic stage for filariasis

A

microfilaria

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14
Q

Filariasis: infective stage to the midge

A

microfilariae

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15
Q

unique characteristic of M. perstans

A

has blunt rounded tail w nucleus extending to the tip; unsheated

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16
Q

difference of M. perstans from Loa Loa

A

Loa Loa is SHEATED (clear ext. found in the body of the mcirofilaria)

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17
Q

unique characteristic of M. streptocerca

A

has a hook-tail

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18
Q

Mansonella spp.: infective stage to humans

A

L3 larvae

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19
Q

mode of transmission from midge to humans

A

L3 enters through BITE WOUND of the midge fly

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20
Q

vectors for M. ozzardi

A

Arthropod
- black fly of genus Simulium
- midge of genus Culicoides

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21
Q

unique characteristic of M. ozzardi

A

body nuclei do NOT extend to tip of tail; long, thin pointed tail

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22
Q

drug of choice for filariasis

A

DEC (diethylcarbamazine)

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23
Q

treatment for M. ozzardi

A

ivermectin

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24
Q

treatment for M. streptocerca

A

DEC
Ivermectin

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25
Q

treatment for M. perstans

A

DEC + mebendazole (most widely used)
Mebendazole
Doxycycline

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26
Q

common name for Dracunculus medinensis

A

Guinea worm
Medina worm
Fiery serpent

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27
Q

Dracunculus medinensis: disease

A

dracunculiasis

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28
Q

Dracunculus medinensis: parasite is freq. found in?

A

subcutaneous tissues
muscles of human, dog, cattles & horses

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29
Q

Dracunculus medinensis: disease causes what?

A

cutaneous nodules
subsequent ulcers

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30
Q

Dracunculus medinensis: larvae difference of survival duration between clean water and muddy water

A

Clean water: 6 days
Muddy water: 2-3 weeks

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31
Q

Dracunculus medinensis: infective stage

A

L3 larva

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32
Q

Dracunculus medinensis: definitive host

A

humans, dogs, horses

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33
Q

Dracunculus medinensis: intermediate host

A

cyclops, copepods

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34
Q

Dracunculus medinensis: mode of transmission to humans

A

human drinks unfiltered/contaminated water containing copepods w L3 larvae

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35
Q

Dracunculus medinensis: treatment

A
  • removal of worm
  • filtering water sources
  • avoid contact w contaminated water
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36
Q

Dracunculus medinensis: drug of choice

A

none

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37
Q

Dracunculus medinensis: best treatment to prevent infection

A

filtering water sources

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38
Q

common name of Trichinella spiralis

A

Trichina worm
Pork worm

39
Q

Trichinella spiralis: diseases

A
  • trichinosis
  • trichiniasis
  • trichinellosis
40
Q

Trichinella spiralis: cloaca is found at the ? (male worm)

A

caudal end

41
Q

Trichinella spiralis: functions to clasp the female during female during copulation

A

2 conspicuous conical papillae

42
Q

Trichinella spiralis: spicule

A

none

43
Q

Trichinella spiralis: anterior or posterior ? curved ventrad (male worm)

A

posterior end

44
Q

Trichinella spiralis: female worm has how many uterus?

A

single uterus containing larvae

45
Q

Trichinella spiralis: vulva opens at teh ?

A

anterior fifth of the body

46
Q

Trichinella spiralis: ANTERIOR end of encysted larva contains ?

A

spear-like burrowing tip

47
Q

Trichinella spiralis: infective stage

A

encysted larva

48
Q

Trichinella spiralis: definitive host

A

swines
man (accidental and definitive host)

49
Q

Trichinella spiralis: diagnostic stage

A

encysted larva

50
Q

Trichinella spiralis: functions to encyst in the muscle area

A

spear-like burrowing tip

51
Q

Trichinella spiralis: definitive diagnosis

A

muscle biopsy

52
Q

Trichinella spiralis: sylvatic cycle

A

from bears

53
Q

Trichinella spiralis: domestic cycle

A

from pigs

54
Q

Trichinella spiralis: mode of infection to humans

A

ingestion of undercooked meat which contains the encysted larva

55
Q

Trichinella spiralis: dead-end host

A

humans

56
Q

Trichinella spiralis: diagnosis

A
  • muscle biopsy
  • Bentonite Flocculation Test
57
Q

Trichinella spiralis: diagnosis that has higher sensitivity; detects antibody

A

Bentonite Flocculation Test

58
Q

Trichinella spiralis: clinical disease

A
  • destruction of muscle fiber
  • eosinophilia
  • may have myocardial involvement
59
Q

Trichinella spiralis prevention and control: cook meat properly at what temp

A

77C or 170F

60
Q

Trichinella spiralis prevention and control: storage

A

-15C for 20 days
-30C for 6 days

61
Q

Trichinella spiralis: treatment

A

thiabendazole
mebendazole

62
Q

common name of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A

rat lungworm

63
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: originated in

A

domestic rats in Canton, China

64
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: normally lives in?

A

lungs of rats

65
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: cause ? in man

A

eosinophilic meningoencephalitis

66
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: disease

A

Angiostrongyliasis
Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis

67
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: barber’s pole pattern

A

female

68
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: have a well-developed CAUDAL BURSA (kidney-shaped, single-lobed)

A

male

69
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: infective stage

A

L3 larvae

70
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: definitive host

A

rats

71
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: incidental host

A

humans

72
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: intermediate host

A

snails (Achatina fulica)

73
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: mode of infection to humans

A

accidential ingestion of gastropod or larvae

74
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: presumptive diagnosis

A

travel history
exposure

75
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: diagnosis

A
  • relatively difficult
  • presumptive diagnosis (travel history & exposure)
  • CSF (10% eosinophilia in proportion to the WBC
  • CT scan
  • ELISA
76
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: recommended anti helminthic treatment

A

none

77
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: management

A
  • symptomatic treatment w analgesics
  • freq. removal of about 10ml spinal fluid at intervals relieves headaches (invasive)
78
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: treatmeat effective in experimental animals

A

Albendazole
Mebendazole
Ivermectin
Thiabendazole

79
Q

Anisakis spp.: disease

A

Anisakiasis
Anisakidosis

80
Q

nematode parasites of whales, dolphins, porpoises, walruses, seals, sea lions and other deep marine mammals

A

Anisakids

81
Q

Anisakis spp.: referrred to as Type 1 larvae

A

3rd stage larva

82
Q

Anisakis spp.: milky white; long stomach, blunt tail w mucron

A

3rd stage larva

83
Q

Anisakis spp.: transmission to humans via?

A

raw or undercooked seafood consumption

84
Q

Anisakis spp.: infective stage

A

L3 larvae

85
Q

Anisakis spp.: definitive host

A

marine mammal

86
Q

Anisakis spp.: intermediate host

A

crustaceans

87
Q

Anisakis spp.: paratenic host

A

fish or cephalopod

88
Q

Anisakis spp.: accidental host

A

humans

89
Q

Anisakis spp.: pathology

A
  • gastric pathology
  • intestinal pathology
  • allergic reactions
90
Q

Anisakis spp.: diagnosis of Anisakiasis can be made by

A

gastroscopic examination during which the larvae can be removed

91
Q

Anisakis spp.: Diagnosis

A
  • recent histroy of eating RAW or improperly cooked fish or squid
  • gastroscopic/endoscopic examination
  • serological test (ELISA, RAST)
92
Q

Anisakis spp.: serological test - ELISA stands for

A

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

93
Q

Anisakis spp.: serological test - RAST stands for

A

radioallergosorbent assay

94
Q

Anisakis spp.: treatment

A
  • mechanically remove the larva using endoscopic forceps (main approach)
  • corticosteroids
  • albendazole

3RD SEM 2J - PARA LEC (8 decks)

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