Hypovolemic Shock Flashcards
What is the etiology of intramuscular volume loss (hypovolemic)
- Gastroenteritis
- Burns
- Diabetes insipidus
- Heat stroke
What is the etiology of hemorrhage (hypovolemic shock)
- Trauma
- Surgery
- GI bleeding
- AAA rupture
- Postpartum hemorrhage
What is the etiology of interstitial loss (hypovolemic shock)
- Burns
- Sepsis
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Intestinal obstruction
- Ascites
What is the body’s response to hypovolemic shock
The body will activate
1. Hematologic system
2. Cardiovascular system
3. Renal system
4. Neuroendocrine system
What needs to be done if someone is going through hypovolemic shock
Maintain vital organ perfusion in severe blood loss
*without additional fluid/blood resuscitation/correction multiple organ failure soon follows
What is the hematologic system response to hypovolemic shock
- Coagulation cascade
- Blood vessel contraction and platelet activation
*forms an immature clot on bleeding source - Damaged vessel
*exposes collagen and causes fibrin stabilization of clot
How long does it take for a complete clot fibrination to occur
24 hours
What is the cardiovascular system response to hypovolemic shock
- Increased heart rate
- Increased myocardial contractility
- Peripheral blood vessel constriction
What causes the cardiovascular system to response
There will be increased release of norepinephrine and decreased baseline vagal tone
*vagal tone is regulated by the baroreceptors
Where is blood redistributed in hypovolemic shock
From extremities to the heart and brain
What is the renal system response to hypovolemic shock
Increased renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular apparatus
What does renin do?
Convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
What is angiotensin I converted to
Angiotensin II by lungs and liver
What does angiotensin II do
Vasoconstriction of ateriolar smooth muscle and aldosterone secretion stimulation
What does aldosterone do?
Sodium reabsorption = water conservation
