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Cardiology > Arrythmias > Flashcards

Arrythmias Flashcards

1
Q

PAC

A

premature atrial contraction

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2
Q

PAC can be cause by

A

stimulatns
hypoxia, respiratory failure
digoxin toxicity
HF
hypokalemia

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3
Q

QRS in PAC can be

A

1) normal
2) absent
3) wide

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4
Q

treatment for PAC

A

anti-arrhythmics if smypotoms occur

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5
Q

PAT

A

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

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6
Q

symptoms of PAT

A

flutter/palpitation
blurred vision
vertigo
signs of low CO

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7
Q

treatment of PAT

A

carotid sinus massage
vagal maneuvers
synchronized cardioversion

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8
Q

A.Flutter
the VR will depend on

A

conduction ratio

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9
Q

treatment for A.Flutter

A

atrial anti-arrhythmics
calcium channel blockers
carotid massage
cardioversion

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10
Q

A.Fib the VR is always

A

irregular

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11
Q

treatment for A.Fib

A

calcium channel blockers
digoxin/ beta blockers
verapamil to control HR
cardioversion
anticoagulants

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12
Q

PJC

A

premature junctional contraction

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13
Q

PJC treatment

A

usually none
monitor serum digoxin level

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14
Q

Junctional Escape Rhythm (Passive junctional rhythm)
rate

A

40-60 rpm

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15
Q

2 dangers with junctional escape rhythm

A

1) Faster ectopic focus become pacemaker, leading to JT or VT;
2) Downward displacement of impulse formation to the ventricles (leading to IVR or VT)

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16
Q

treatment for junctional escape rhythm

A

atropine if rate if slow
cardiac pacing
d/c drugs thats slowing the HR

17
Q

Accelerated junctional rhythm
rate

A

60-100 bpm

18
Q

treatment for accelerated junctional rhythm

A

if digoxin toxicity: d/c drug, digiband
if not digoxin toxicity: verapamil adenosine
cardiac pacing

19
Q

JT

A

junctional tachycardia

20
Q

symptoms of JT

A

associated with fast rhythm:
dyspnea, ischemic chest pain
apprehension, decrease LOC

21
Q

treatment of JT

A

d/c drugs causing arrhythmia
verapamil, adenosine, or lidocaine
carotid sinus massage
synchronized cardioversion of CO is low

22
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contraction

23
Q

causes of PVC

A

electrolyte imbalacnes
MI, ischemia, hypoxia
drug intoxication (e.g. cocaine)
excessive stimulants (e.g. caffeine, noctine, stress)

24
Q

ECG of PVC

A

No P wave, no PR interval
QRS is distorted, bizarre and wide (>0.12 seconds)
T wave opposite to QRS

25
Q

Treatment of PVC

A

Lidocaine, amiodarone, procainamide
Correct the causes

26
Q

severe PCV can lead to

A

VT

27
Q

IVR

A

idoventricular thythm

28
Q

IVR rate

A

20-40 bpm

29
Q

causes of IVR

A

Failure of higher pacemakers (MI, ischemia)
AV node conduction disturbances (3rd degree HB)
Reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy
Pacemaker failure

30
Q

treatment of IVR

A

Atropine
Pacemaker insertion
May need CPR

31
Q

NEVER use __ in IVR

A

lidocaine or anti-arrhythmic drugs

32
Q

ECG og IVR

A

No P wave, no PR interval
QRS 20-40 times per minute, bizarre and wide
T wave opposite to QRS

33
Q

VT

A

ventricular tachy

34
Q

causes of VT

A

4 or more consecutive PVC (more severe PVC)
Advanced myocardial irritability
Intoxication of anti-arrhythmic agents

35
Q

VT can lead to

A

Drop in CO, lead to hypotension, LVF, cardiogenic shock

36
Q

treatment of VT

A

VT with pulse: amiodarone, lidocaine, pronestyl, cardioversion
VT w/o pulse: CPR!! Code blue

37
Q

VFib
how much to shock

A

V-Fib=De-Fib
200  300  360 joules

38
Q

Circus or Reentry tachycardia

A

a second pathway exists between the atria and the ventricles
- faster conduction time
- longer refractory period
same impulse keels traveling back and forth at a rapid rate, in a self sustaining and circular motion

39
Q

Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW)

A

pre-excitation syndrome has accessory pathways called bundles of Kent, bypass AV node, connects atria and ventricles directly
Short PR interval, QRS occurs quickly after P wave, wider QRS
symptomatic SVT
best treatment is calcium channel blockers

Cardiology (11 decks)

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