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Roman History Hughes (Julio-Claudians) > 3) Civil War > Flashcards

3) Civil War Flashcards

1
Q

When was Gaius Marius born?

A

157 BC

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2
Q

When did Gaius Marius die?

A

86 BC

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3
Q

Who was Gaius Marius?

A

Leader of the Populares

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4
Q

When was Gaius Marius elected consul?

A

107 BC

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5
Q

What were Gaius Marius’ successful military victories?

A
  • North Africa against a rebellious Chieftain
  • North Italy against Germanic invaders
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6
Q

When was Gaius Marius’ successful military victory in North Africa?

A

106 BC

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7
Q

When was Gaius Marius’successful military victory in North Italy?

A

102 - 101 BC

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8
Q

How many times was Gaius Marius elected consul?

A

7

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9
Q

What type of reformer was Gaius Marius?

A

Military

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10
Q

What did Gaius Marius form?

A

A paid, volunteer, professional army staffed by Rome’s landless people which mean no more property qualifications

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11
Q

What did soldiers do upon completion of their service?

A
  • They shared in the spoils of war
  • Earned pension
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12
Q

When did Gaius Marius and his supporters come to power?

A

When Lucius Sulla was away

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13
Q

Who did Gaius Marius struggle with for power?

A

Lucius Sulla

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14
Q

When was Lucius Sulla born?

A

138 BC

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15
Q

When did Lucius Sulla die?

A

78 BC

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16
Q

Who was Lucius Sulla?

A

Patrician member of the senate

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17
Q

What military victories did Lucius Sulla have?

A

Revolt of Roman allies

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18
Q

When was the Revolt of Roman allies?

A

91 BC

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19
Q

What happened to those taking part in the revolt of Roman allies?

A

They won Roman citizenship but not before Sulla secured his reputation as a leader

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20
Q

Who did the assembly choose for the same job as Lucius Sulla?

A

Gaius Marius

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21
Q

What was the result of armies fighting in Rome?

A

Sulla won and marched off to Asia Minor

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22
Q

What did Lucius Sulla do to the senate?

A

Killed many leaders

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23
Q

When did Lucius Sulla return to Rome?

A

82 BC

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24
Q

What did Lucius Sulla do to Gaius Marius’ followers?

A
  • Killed thousands of them
  • Confiscated their property as booty for his troops
25
Q

How long did Lucius Sulla rule as dictator for?

A

3 years

26
Q

What did Lucius Sulla give the senate back control of?

A

The government

27
Q

What did Lucius Sulla do to the council of Plebs?

A

Weakened them

28
Q

What did Lucius Sulla do after he weakened the council of Plebs?

A

He retired

29
Q

When was Pompey born?

A

106 BC

30
Q

When did Pompey die?

A

48 BC

31
Q

When was Marcus Crassus born?

A

115 BC

32
Q

When did Marcus Crassus die?

A

53 BC

33
Q

When was Julius Caesar born?

A

100 BC

34
Q

When did Julius Caesar die?

A

44 BC

35
Q

What were Pompey’s incentives?

A
  • Gained soldiers
  • Became leader of Italy
36
Q

What were Marcus Crassus’ incentives?

A
  • Money
  • Became leader of Rome’s eastern provinces
37
Q

What were Julius Caesar’s incentives?

A
  • Popularity
  • Become consul of Gaul
38
Q

How did Marcus Crassus die?

A

Killed in battle against the Parthians

39
Q

What did Marcus Crassus’ death end?

A

The first Triumvirate

40
Q

Why was Pompey jealous of Caesar?

A

Because he was having success in Gaul

41
Q

What did Pompey do due to his jealousy of Caesar?

A

He talked to the senate and demanded that Caesar should return to Rome as a private citizen

42
Q

What did becoming a private citizen mean Caesar couldn’t do?

A

Return with his troops

43
Q

What was Caesar’s tough decision?

A

To either:
- Return to Rome powerless before Pompey
- Disobey the Senate and violate Roman law

44
Q

What did Caesar do when he was victorious in the east?

A

He mocked Pompey for his failed efforts by saying “Veni, vidi, vici”

45
Q

What does “Veni, vidi, vici” mean?

A

I came, I saw, I conquered

46
Q

What did military victories leave Caesar as?

A

Sole ruler of Rome

47
Q

Where did Caesar defeat Pompey’s sons

A

Spain

48
Q

When did Caesar return to Rome?

A

45 BC

49
Q

Who was Caesar aided by when he returned to Rome?

A

His close friend Mark Anthony

50
Q

Where did Pompey flee to?

A

Greece and Egypt

51
Q

When did Caesar defeat Pompey at Pharsalus?

A

48 BC

52
Q

Who killed Pompey?

A

Ptolemy XIII

53
Q

Who was Cleopatra VII married to?

A

Ptolemy XIII

54
Q

Who did Julius Caesar have a son with?

A

Cleopatra VII

55
Q

What was Julius Caesar’s son called?

A

Caesarion

56
Q

When was Caesarion born?

A

47 BC

57
Q

What kind of houses did Marcus Crassus buy?

A

Burning houses

58
Q

Why did Marcus Crassus buy burning houses?

A

They were cheaper

Roman History Hughes (Julio-Claudians) (6 decks)

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