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Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Respiratory Emergencies

A

-Hypoxia
-Near drowning
-Hyperventilation
-Choking

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2
Q

Respiratory Conditions

A

-Asthma
-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Emphysema)
-Croup
-Pulmonary Oedema
-Other Respiratory conditions

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3
Q

What is Hypoxia?

A

Low oxygen levels in the body

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4
Q

Hypoxia, causes?

A

-Reduced oxygen intake (drowning, suffocation, asthma, anaphylaxis)
-Low oxygen pressure (altitude sickness)
-Reduced or non functioning haemoglobin (significant blood loss, carbon monoxide poisoning)
-Reduced blood flow (heart failure, shock)
-Cell oxygen deficiency (poisoning, alcohol)

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5
Q

Hypoxia, Signs & Symptoms

A

-Drowsiness/ Aggression/ Irritability/ Altered Conscious State
-Lack of coordination
-Speech or vision problems
-Cool, pale or blue skin (cyanosis)
-SPO2 <92%

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6
Q

Hypoxia, Treatment

A

-Calm and reassure the patient
-Supplement oxygen (delivery dependent on SPO2)

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7
Q

Near Drowning, Facts

A

-Patient has inhaled water into their respiratory system which could inhibit gas exchange
-Salt/ Sea water may result in further complications after a near drowning

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8
Q

Near Drowning, treatment

A

-Scene safety - dangers
-Consider spinal care
-Calm and reassure the patient
-If conscious, encourage the patient to cough
-If unconscious, place in recovery positions and provide gentle back blows to expel water
-Manage airway and monitor patient
-Give high flow oxygen (Non-rebreather mask or Bag Valve Mask)
-Keep warm

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9
Q

Hyperventilation, Facts

A

-Fast breathing, when more carbon dioxide is exhaled faster than the oxygen in inhaled
-Can be a sign of a serious underlying medical problem

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10
Q

Hyperventilation, Causes

A

-Anxiety & emotional stress
-Exercise & medical conditions
-Significant underlying critical illness

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11
Q

Hyperventilation, Signs & Symptoms

A

-Tingling in fingers, toes & lips
-Rapid breathing & shortness of breath
-Feeling panicked
-Tachycardia & chest discomfort
-Light-headedness

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12
Q

Hyperventilation, Treatment

A

-Calm and reassure the patient
-Have the patient focus on their breathing (breath and count to 3)
-supplement oxygen is not required

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13
Q

Choking, Facts

A

-When a foreign body becomes lodged in the airway tract
-Partial obstruction Vs Full obstruction

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14
Q

Choking, Action
If able to effectively cough

A

-Encourage coughing
-No further intervention is required
-Monitor for clearance or deterioration

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15
Q

Choking, Action
IF conscious but unable to effectively cough

A

-Provide back blows (up to 5) and reassess
-If still obstructed, provide chest thrusts (up to 5)
-Monitor for clearance or deterioration
-Administer Oxygen therapy at 8L per minute
-IF obstruction remains alternate back blows, chest thrusts and reassessment

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16
Q

Choking, Action
IF unconscious or becomes unconscious but with pulse

A

-With patient supine perform 5 external chest compressions
-Assess for clearance of obstruction
-Re-assess for palpable pulse
-Attempt to ventilate patient with Bag Valve Mask
-Repeat alternating 5 compressions and 2 ventilations as req’d
-Use suction to assist as necessary

17
Q

Choking, Action
IF pulse is lost or no pulse found

A

– manage as Cardiac Arrest C4

18
Q

Choking, Stop

A

-Do not place fingers in patient’s mouth as this may cause bite reflex

19
Q

asthma, facts

A

-Inflammatory disease of the airway that causes airways to become inflamed, narrow & swell &produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breath
-Symptoms of asthma are reversible but not curable

20
Q

Asthma, Triggers

A

-Dust & Mites
-Pollen & Weather
-Smoking
-Exercise
_colds & Flu
-Animal Hair

21
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Facts

A

-Group of lung diseases that either block airflow or prevent gas exchange
-Emphysema
-Chronic Bronchitis
-Symptoms can present similar to Asthma and some patients can have asthma & COPD
-Past medical history is important to determine
-Patients with a long term history of smoking or chemical exposure should be considered to have COPD

22
Q

Asthma & COPD, Signs and symptoms
Mild - Moderate

A

-Coughing
-Short of Breath
-Wheeze
-Rapid Breathing
-Tachycardia
*Speaking Full Sentences

23
Q

Asthma & COPD, Signs and symptoms
Severe

A

-Anxious
-Wheeze
-Pale
-Struggling to breath
*Speaking in phrases or words

24
Q

Asthma & COPD, Signs and symptoms
Life Threatening

A

-Silent Chest
-Exhaustion
-Altered Conscious State
-Unconscious
*Single words or cant speak

25
Q

Croup, Facts

A

-An infection of the upper-airway including larynx and trachea
-Infection causing swelling in the upper-airway causing respiratory distress
-Usually occurs in children under 5 years old and is secondary to another illness such as cold or chest infection

26
Q

Croup, Signs & symptoms

A

-Barking cough
-Hoarse voice
-Noisy breathing

27
Q

Croup, Treatment

A

-Calm & reassure the patient
-Basic life support & monitoring
-Supplement oxygen if SPO2 <92%
-Paramedic treatment or transport to hospital required

28
Q

Pulmonary Oedema, facts

A

-Cardiogenic & non-cardiogenic
-Ineffective pumping of heart creates back pressure of blood which flows into the lungs
-blood/ fluid in lungs inhibits gas exchange

29
Q

Pulmonary Oedema, Signs & Symptoms

A

-Respiratory distress, increases when laying down
-Feeling of suffocation
-Phx of heart failure
-Cough, may produce pink frothy sputum
-Cyanosis
-Hypertension
-Chest pain
-Crackles heard in chest or ‘wet’ breath sounds

30
Q

Pulmonary Oedema, Treatment

A

-Calm & reassure the patient
-Basic life support and monitoring
-Supplement oxygen via NRB
-Sitrep
-Paramedic treatment or urgent hospital transport required
-If Pulmonary Oedema suspected, withhold Salbutamol

31
Q

Other Respiratory Conditions

A

-Chest infection
-Inflammation in the lungs causing respiratory distress
-Pneumonia
-Severe infection in the lungs causing respiratory distress
-Epiglottitis
-Inflammation of the epiglottis
-Pleural Effusion
-Fluid between the lung and chest wall

32
Q

Other Respiratory Conditions, Treatment

A

-Calm & reassure the patient
-Basic life support & monitoring
-Supplement oxygen if SPO2 <92%
-Transport to hospital

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