Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

Receptors are described as transducers. What does this mean?

A

Convert energy in stimulus into an action potential

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2
Q

Name the stimulus detected by each of the following receptors
Thermoreceptor
Cone cell
Rod cell
Mechanorecptor

A

Thermoreceptor Heat/thermal –> action potential
Rod/Cone cell Light –> action potential
Mechanoreceptor Pressure –> action potential

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3
Q

Name a mechanoreceptor found in the skin

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

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4
Q

Describe the structure of a Pacininan Corpuscle

A

Series of membranes/lamellae
Gel between membranes
Naked axon in centre (no myelin sheath) which is attached to a sensory neurone

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5
Q

How is an action potential produced in a Pacinian Corpuscle?

A

Pressure distorts the axon membrane
Stretch mediated sodium ion channels open
Sodium ions diffuse into axon
Membrane becomes depolarised
If threshold is reached an action potential is produced

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6
Q

Where are the cone and rod cells found?

A

Retina of the eye

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7
Q

Which type of receptor gives black and white vision?

A

Rod cells

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8
Q

Which type of receptor generates an action potential in high light intensities?

A

Cone cell

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9
Q

Which type of receptor gives high acuity?

A

Cone cells

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10
Q

Name the two cells shown on the diagram

A

Left = Rode cell

Right = Cone cell

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11
Q

Name the photoreceptive pigment found in cone cells

A

Iodopsin

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12
Q

Name the photo receptive pigment found n rod cells

A

Rhodopsin

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13
Q

Describe the reaction that takes place when light shines on rhodopsin

A

Rhodopsin –> retinal + opsin

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14
Q

Give the three different types of cone cell

A

Red sensitive cones
Blue sensitive cones
Green sensitive cones

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15
Q

Why do cone cells have a higher acuity than rod cells?

A

Each cone cell is connected to one sensory neurone
Several rod cells are connected to one sensory neurone

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16
Q

The diagram shows how rod cells are connected to the sensory neurone.

How does this arrangement allow the rod cells to give vision in dim light?

A

Retinal convergence

More than one rod cell is connected to the sensory neurone

Small amounts of rhodopsin hydrolysis in each rod cell can be summed together to initiate a generator potential

17
Q

What is the function of a receptor cell?

A

To detect stimuli
Transduce energy

18
Q

In order to create an electrical impulse a receptor cell creates a …

A

Generator potential

19
Q

Why can rod cells only lead to images seen in black and white?

A

Cannot distinguish between different wavelengths of light

20
Q

Why are many rod cells connected to a single sensory neurone?

A

Allow retinal convergence
Increases chance that threshold is exceeded to generate an action potential

21
Q

Does iodopsin break down in the presence of high or low light intensity?

A

High light intensity

22
Q

The lens of the eye focuses light at a central point of the retina called the …

A

Fovea

23
Q

Which type of receptor cells are found on the fovea?

A

Cone cells

24
Q

Name the type of receptor shown on the diagram

A

Pacinian corpuscle

25
Q

Name the type of light receptors shown on the diagram

A

Green - rod cell
Blue - cone cell

26
Q

Name the type of light receptor shown in the diagram

A

Rod cells