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Intro To Sociology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

An arrangement where two people living together are engaged in an intimate relationship but are not married.

A

cohabitation

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2
Q

A family composed of two parents and their children.

A

nuclear family

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3
Q

The practice in most industrialized cultures when a married couple finds a new place to live that is not in the household of either set of their parents.

A

neolocality

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4
Q

A system in which men hold the power and women are excluded from power.

A

patriarchy

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5
Q

The development of technological and systemic changes that will meet current production demands without causing further damage to the environment.

A

sustainable development

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6
Q

A family consisting of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships.

A

blended family

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7
Q

A dispersed group of people who share a similar interest but do not interact.

A

mass

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8
Q

Connections between individuals that are established through ancestry, marriage, or adoption.

A

kinship

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9
Q

A new norm that defines behavior in ambiguous situations, usually developed as part of a crowd

A

emergent norm

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10
Q

A worldview which accepts or values multiple religions coexisting in the same society.

A

pluralism

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11
Q

The assets a person has that are not financial, such as education, patterns of speech, tastes, and manner of dress, which take time and energy to acquire.

A

cultural capital

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12
Q

The common practice in some cultures that involves living with or near the husband’s parents

A

patrilocal

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13
Q

The act of cutting down trees and reducing forests for the sake of industries such as logging and agriculture.

A

deforestation

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14
Q

Someone who inspires people within an organization because of his or her apparent extraordinary gifts or qualities.

A

charismatic leader

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15
Q

A family in which at least one of the adults is a stepparent.

A

stepfamily

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16
Q

An organized group of people dedicated to changing (or dedicated to resisting change to) a cultural norm, behavior, or value.

A

social movement

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17
Q

Someone who does not know if gods or supernatural entities exist.

A

agnostic

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18
Q

A traditional story of a people or culture that serves to explain some natural phenomenon, the origin of humanity, or customs or religious rites.

A

myth

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19
Q

A trend in the 1940s and 1950s in which there grew to be increasing reliance on, and spread of, new strains of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of crops like corn, wheat, rice, millet, and sorghum.

A

Green Revolution

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20
Q

A religious organization with its own doctrine, clergy, and central governing body.

A

church

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21
Q

The common practice in some cultures that involves living with or near the wife’s parents.

A

matrilocal

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22
Q

A system to restore or maintain, especially by trained professionals, mental and physical well-being.

A

health care

23
Q

The average number of years a person born in a given country is expected to live if mortality rates at each age remain the same in the future.

A

life expectancy

24
Q

The fundamental and often first social group for an individual; a ________ frequently consists of biological relatives to the individual, but more generally, it has strong emotional ties to and is instrumental in raising children.

A

family

25
Q

An independent branch of a larger church with members who might disagree with certain aspects of the church’s teaching but who still subscribe to its main message.

A

denomination

26
Q

A recently formed and different religion that is at odds with the current dominant society or religion; also sometimes called new religion.

A

cult

27
Q

A lack of belief in the existence of a deity.

A

atheism

28
Q

The tendency of people to marry others with similar characteristics as them.

A

homogamy

29
Q

The increase of temperature on the earth’s surface on a global scale.

A

global warming

30
Q

The worship of or belief in multiple gods.

A

polytheism

31
Q

A social and legal union that usually involves economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing.

A

marriage

32
Q

An object, word, or action that stands for something else.

A

symbol

33
Q

The worship of or belief in a single god.

A

monotheism

34
Q

A family that includes more members than just parents and children, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.

A

extended family

35
Q

A subdivision of a larger religious group with members who usually share somewhat different beliefs from the dominant group.

A

sect

36
Q

An organized system of spiritual beliefs and practices, usually offering a moral code and a worldview.

A

religion

37
Q

Materials that contain potential energy, formed from organic decay that has been converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas, or heavy oils by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth’s crust over billions of years.

A

fossil fuels

38
Q

The belief that each person has a spiritual connection or kinship with animals or plants.

A

totemism

39
Q

A non-institutionalized activity in which large numbers of people voluntarily participate.

A

collective behavior

40
Q

A general measure of health. It is the number of children dying under one year of age, divided by the number of live births during the year, multiplied by 1,000 for a given region.

A

infant mortality rate

41
Q

The belief that inanimate objects have souls because of a supernatural power that controls the material universe.

A

animism

42
Q

Emotional, physical, or sexual abuse between family members.

A

family violence

43
Q

A set of actions, often ceremonial in nature, performed mainly for their symbolic or religious value.

A

ritual

44
Q

The act of making air, land, water, and other aspects of the environment dirty or unsafe for humans and wildlife.

A

pollution

45
Q

The use of educational achievements to determine who is eligible for jobs, even if the degree does not apply to the actual job.

A

credential society

46
Q

A large number of people in close proximity who may or may not interact with each other.

A

crowd

47
Q

The use of education to determine a person’s social standing.

A

social placement

48
Q

A society’s formal system of teaching knowledge and skills.

A

education

49
Q

The shifting in focus of a religion from spiritual concerns to concerns of this world, or the process in which religion loses its social and cultural significance.

A

secularization

50
Q

Resources that cannot be naturally replenished at a rate equal to their consumption. Examples include natural gas, oil, and coal, whose formation takes billions of years.

A

nonrenewable

51
Q

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

A

health

52
Q

A way of explaining the rights and responsibilities of a person who is ill.

A

sick role

53
Q

The constant pressure experienced by those in capitalist societies to meet the economic demand for profit and growth.

A

treadmill of production

54
Q

The phenomenon of changes in weather patterns on a global scale due to the increase of temperature on the earth’s surface.

A

climate change

Intro To Sociology (8 decks)

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