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Intro to Networking > Module 01 > Flashcards

Module 01 Flashcards

1
Q

A group of computers and other devices (such as printers) that are connected by and can exchange data via wired or wireless transmission media.

A

Network

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2
Q

How the parts of a whole work together.

A

Topology

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3
Q

The physical layout of the media, nodes, and devices on a network. A physical topology does not specify device types, connectivity methods, or addressing schemes. A network’s physical topology may differ from its logical topology.

A

Physical topolgy

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4
Q

A characteristic of network transmission that reflects the way in which data is transmitted between nodes, including how access to the network is controlled and how specific resources are shared on the network. A network’s logical topology may differ from its physical topology.

A

Logical topology

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5
Q

The software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. Popular examples of network operating systems are Windows Server, Ubuntu Server, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

A

NOS (network operating system)

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6
Q

An operating system designed to run on a server and provide network services to networked clients.

A

Server operating system

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7
Q

A network in which every computer can communicate directly with every other computer. By default, no computer on a P2P network has more authority than another.

A

P2P (peer-to-peer) network model

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8
Q

The property of a network that allows the addition of nodes or increasing its size easily.

A

Scalable

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9
Q

Any computer or application that provides a service, such as data or other resources, to other devices.

A

Server

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10
Q

A network where resources are managed by the NOS (network operating system) via a centralized directory database.

A

Client-server network model

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11
Q

In the context of Windows Server, a group of users, servers, and other resources that share account and security policies.

A

Domain

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12
Q

The centralized directory database that contains user account information and security for the entire group of computers on a network.

A

AD (Active Directory)

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13
Q

The Active Directory service that manages the process allowing a user to sign on to a network from any computer on the network and get access to the resources that Active Directory manages.

A

AD DS (Active Directory Domain Services)

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14
Q

A computer or application that makes a request from another computer or application.

A

Client

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15
Q

A resource the network makes available to its users, including applications and the data provided by these applications.

A

Network services

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16
Q

Data or a service requested by one computer from another.

A

Client-server applications

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17
Q

A standard method or format for communication between network devices.

A

Protocols

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18
Q

A suite of networking protocols that includes TCP, IP, UDP, and many others. TCP/IP provides the foundation for data exchange across the Internet.

A

TCP/IP suite

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19
Q

An application layer protocol that formulates and interprets requests between web clients and servers.

A

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

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20
Q

A method of encrypting TCP/IP transmissions—including web pages and data entered into web forms—en route between the client and server using public key encryption technology.

A

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)

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21
Q

An update to SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) standardized by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). TLS uses slightly different encryption algorithms than SSL and is more secure, but otherwise is very similar to the most recent version of SSL.

A

TLS (Transport Layer Security)

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22
Q

An extension to HTTP that requires data be exchanged between client and server using SSL or TLS encryption.

A

HTTPS (HTTP Secure)

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23
Q

Software whose code is publicly available for use and modification.

A

Open source

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24
Q

An application layer protocol responsible for moving messages from one email server to another.

A

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

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25
Q

An application layer protocol used to retrieve messages from a mail server. When a client retrieves mail via POP, messages previously stored on the mail server are downloaded to the client’s workstation, and then deleted from the mail server. The most commonly used form of POP is POP3.

A

POP3 (Post Office Protocol, version 3)

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26
Q

A mail retrieval protocol that allows users to store messages on the mail server while reading, responding to, and organizing the messages. The most current version of IMAP is version 4 (IMAP4).

A

IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol, version 4)

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27
Q

A hierarchical system for tracking domain names and their addresses, devised in the mid-1980s.

A

DNS (Domain Name System)

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28
Q

An application layer protocol used to send and receive files via TCP/IP.

A

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

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29
Q

A protocol available with the proprietary version of SSH (Secure Shell) that securely copies files between hosts.

A

SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol)

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30
Q

Software installed on a database server that is responsible for making requested changes to data and organizing data for viewing, reporting, or exporting.

A

DBMS (database management system)

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31
Q

A programming language used to configure and interact with a database’s objects and data.

A

SQL (Structured Query Language)

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32
Q

A DBMS (database management system) produced by Microsoft that is designed to handle large volumes of data.

A

Microsoft SQL Server

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33
Q

A proprietary DBMS (database management system) offered by Oracle.

A

Oracle Database

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34
Q

A popular open source DBMS (database management system).

A

MySQL

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35
Q

A terminal emulation protocol used to log on to remote hosts using the TCP/IP protocol.

A

Telnet

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36
Q

A remote connection utility that provides authentication and encryption. SSH is often used to log onto a host, execute commands on that host, and copy files to or from the host.

A

SSH (Secure Shell)

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37
Q

An application layer protocol that uses TCP/IP to transmit graphics and text quickly over a remote client-host connection. RDP also carries session, licensing, and encryption information.

A

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)

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38
Q

A network of computers and other devices that typically is confined to a relatively small space, such as one building or even one office. Each node on a LAN can communicate directly with others on the same LAN.

A

LAN (local area network)

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39
Q

A connectivity device that logically subdivides a network into smaller, individual collision domains.

A

Switch

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40
Q

A physical topology in which every node on the network is connected through a central device.

A

Star topology

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41
Q

(1) A type of network in which several nodes are directly interconnected and no single node controls communications on the network. (2) A wireless network in which multiple APs work as peer devices on the same network, thereby providing more fault-tolerant network access to clients.

A

Mesh topology

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42
Q

An outdated connectivity device that belongs to the physical layer of the OSI model and retransmits incoming data signals to its multiple ports.

A

Hub

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43
Q

The component in a computer or other networking device that enables the device to connect to the network and communicate with other devices. Also called network adapters.

A

NIC (network interface card)

44
Q

The central conduit of a network that connects network segments and significant shared devices (such as routers, switches, and servers) and is sometimes referred to as “a network of networks.”

A

Backbone

45
Q

A topology in which a single cable connects all nodes on a network without intervening connectivity devices.

A

Bus topology

46
Q

A physical topology that combines characteristics of more than one simple physical topology.

A

Hybrid topology

47
Q

A topology in which a central networking component, such as a switch, connects to multiple peripheral networking components that each connect to endpoint devices in their areas.

A

Hub-and-spoke topology

48
Q

A network layout in which each node is connected to the two nearest nodes so that the entire network forms a circle. Data is transmitted in one direction around the ring. Each node accepts and responds to packets addressed to it, then forwards the other packets to the next node in the ring.

A

Ring topology

49
Q

A network layer device that uses logical addressing information to direct data between two or more networks and can help find the best path for traffic to get from one network to another.

A

Router

50
Q

A network consisting of fewer than 10 networked devices.

A

SOHO (small office-home office) networks

51
Q

A company that provides Internet connectivity.

A

ISP (Internet service provider)

52
Q

(1) Any computer or device on a network that provides or uses a resource such as an application or data. (2) In the context of virtualization, the physical computer on which virtualization software operates and manages guests.

A

Host

53
Q

Any computer or other device on a network that can be addressed on the local network.

A

Node

54
Q

A network that spans a long distance and connects two or more LANs.

A

WAN (wide area network)

55
Q

A network of connected LANs within a limited geographical area, such as multiple city government buildings around a city’s center.

A

MAN (metropolitan area network)

56
Q

A network of connected LANs within a limited geographical area, such as the buildings on a university campus.

A

CAN (campus area network)

57
Q

A network of personal devices, such as a smartphone, laptop, and Bluetooth printer.

A

PAN (personal area network)

58
Q

A distinct network of storage devices that communicate directly with each other and with other networks.

A

SAN (storage area network)

59
Q

A LAN that uses wireless connections for some or all of its transmissions.

A

WLAN (wireless local area network)

60
Q

A model for understanding, developing, and troubleshooting computer-to-computer communication that was developed in the 1980s by ISO. It divides networking functions among seven layers: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application.

A

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model

61
Q

The seventh layer of the OSI model. Application layer protocols enable software programs to negotiate formatting, procedural, security, synchronization, and other requirements with the network.

A

Application layer

62
Q

An application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite used to monitor and manage devices on a network.

A

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

63
Q

Data that is passed between applications or utility programs and the operating system, and that includes control information.

A

Payload

64
Q

The sixth layer of the OSI model. Protocols in the presentation layer are responsible for reformatting, compressing, and/or encrypting data in a way that the application on the receiving end can read.

A

Presentation layer

65
Q

The fifth layer in the OSI model. The session layer describes how data between applications is synced and recovered if messages don’t arrive intact at the receiving application.

A

Session layer

66
Q

An access point into a software’s available processes through which a specific type of request generates a particular kind of response.

A

API (application programming interface)

67
Q

The fourth layer of the OSI model. The transport layer is responsible for transporting application layer payloads from one application to another.

A

Transport layer

68
Q

A core protocol of the TCP/IP suite that makes a connection with the end host, checks whether data is received, and resends it if it is not.

A

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

69
Q

A type of transport layer protocol that requires the establishment of a connection between communicating nodes before it will transmit data.

A

Connection-oriented protocol

70
Q

A core protocol in the TCP/ IP suite that does not guarantee delivery because it does not first make the connection before sending data or check to confirm that data is received.

A

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

71
Q

A type of transport layer protocol that services a request without requiring a verified session and without guaranteeing delivery of data.

A

Connectionless protocol

72
Q

An area at the beginning of a payload where protocols add control information.

A

Header

73
Q

The process of adding a header to data inherited from the layer above.

A

Encapsulation

74
Q

A number that identifies a process, such as an application or service, running on a computer. TCP and UDP ports ensure that data is transmitted to the correct process among multiple processes running on a computer.

A

Port

75
Q

(1) A TCP message at the transport layer. (2) A part of a network.

A

Segments

76
Q

A UDP message at the transport layer.

A

Datagrams

77
Q

The third layer in the OSI model. The network layer, sometimes called the Internet layer, is responsible for moving messages between networks.

A

Network layer

78
Q

A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that operates in the network layer of the OSI model and provides information about how and where data should be delivered. IP is the subprotocol that enables TCP/IP to internetwork.

A

IP (Internet Protocol)

79
Q

The entire network layer message, which includes the segment (TCP) or datagram (UDP) from the transport layer, plus the network layer header.

A

Packet

80
Q

A unique network layer address assigned to each node on a TCP/IP network. IPv4 addresses consist of 32 bits divided into four octets, or bytes. IPv6 addresses are composed of eight 16-bit fields, for a total of 128 bits.

A

IP address

81
Q

A network layer service that subdivides packets into smaller packets when those packets exceed the maximum size for the network.

A

Fragmentation

82
Q

The second layer in the OSI model. The data link layer, also called the link layer, bridges the physical layer’s networking media with network layer processes.

A

Data link layer

83
Q

Programs embedded into hardware devices.

A

Firmware

84
Q

Control information attached to the end of a packet by a data link layer protocol.

A

Trailer

85
Q

The entire data link layer message, including the header, payload, and trailer.

A

Frame

86
Q

A 48- or 64-bit network interface identifier that includes two parts: the OUI, assigned by IEEE to the manufacturer, and the extension identifier, a unique number assigned to each NIC by the manufacturer.

A

MAC (Media Access Control) address

87
Q

The lowest, or first, layer of the OSI model. The physical layer is responsible only for sending bits via a wired or wireless transmission.

A

Physical layer

88
Q

Removing a header or trailer from a lower OSI layer.

A

Decapsulation

89
Q

Any system designed to combat the outbreak of a fire. A fire suppression system might include an emergency alert system, fire extinguishers, emergency power-off switch, and/or a suppression agent such as a foaming chemical, gas, or water.

A

Fire suppression system

90
Q

System default that allows access during a system or network failure.

A

Fail open

91
Q

System default that denies access during a system or network failure.

A

Fail close

92
Q

A device (either a router, a dedicated device, or a computer running special software) that selectively filters or blocks traffic between networks.

A

Firewall

93
Q

Instructions provided with dangerous substances that explain how to properly handle these substances and how to safely dispose of them. Formerly called MSDS (material safety data sheet).

A

SDS (safety data sheet)

94
Q

The main federal agency charged with regulating safety and health in the workplace.

A

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

95
Q

Wearable equipment such as goggles that might be required in the workplace to increase safety of workers.

A

PPE (personal protective equipment)

96
Q

Connecting a device directly to the earth so that, in the event of a short circuit, the electricity flows into the earth rather than out of control through the device.

A

Grounding

97
Q

The transfer of electrical charge between two bodies, such as when a technician touches a computer component.

A

ESD (electrostatic discharge)

98
Q

An electrical charge at rest. When that charge is transferred between two bodies, it creates an electrostatic discharge, or ESD.

A

Static electricity

99
Q

An application that provides a secure means of storing and organizing passwords.

A

Password manager

100
Q

Carefully defined processes to evaluate the need for a change, the cost of the change, a plan for making the change with minimal disruption, and a backup plan if the change doesn’t work as expected.

A

Change management

101
Q

A collection of accumulated insights and solutions to the problems encountered on a particular network.

A

Knowledge base

102
Q

Data or a service requested by one computer from another.

A

Client-server application

103
Q

A UDP message at the transport layer.

A

Datagram

104
Q

A resource the network makes available to its users, including applications and the data provided by these applications.

A

Network service

105
Q

(1) A TCP message at the transport layer. (2) A part of a network.

A

Segment

Intro to Networking (7 decks)

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